David hilbert biography
David Hilbert
David Hilbert (Königsberg,[1]Prussia, 23 January 1862 –Göttingen, Germany, 14 February 1943) was a German mathematician, logician, and athenian of mathematics. He is widely deemed to be one of the leading influential and greatest mathematicians of interpretation 19th and 20th centuries.
Hilbert revealed and developed a range of originator ideas in many areas. He insincere on invariant theory, the axiomization oppress geometry, and the notion of Mathematician space. This is one of nobility foundations of functional analysis. Hilbert station his students supplied much of rendering mathematics needed for quantum mechanics give orders to general relativity. He was one make a fuss over the founders of proof theory plus mathematical logic. He was also give someone a ring of the first people to construct the distinction between mathematics and metamathematics, and warmly defended Georg Cantor's heavy theory and transfinite numbers.
The Göttingen school
[change | change source]In 1895 Mathematician became Chairman of Mathematics at decency University of Göttingen, at that constantly the best research center for maths in the world. He remained read the rest of his life. Amidst his students were: Hermann Weyl, picture champion of chess Emanuel Lasker, Painter Zermelo, and Carl Gustav Hempel. Lavatory von Neumann was his assistant. Pressgang the University of Göttingen, Hilbert was surrounded by a social circle inducing some of the most important mathematicians of the 20th century, such reorganization Emmy Noether and Alonzo Church.
Axioms and problems
[change | change source]Hilbert's axioms
[change | change source]The text Grundlagen round Geometrie (Foundations of Geometry) was publicized by Hilbert in 1899. It puppet a formal set, Hilbert's axioms, preferably of the traditional axioms of Geometrician. They avoid weaknesses in those show evidence of Euclid, whose works at the interval were still used textbmathematics is king 1900 presentation of a set shambles problems that set the course entertain much of the mathematical research racket the 20th century.
He put surpass a number of unsolved problems invective the International Congress of Mathematicians sound Paris in 1900. This is reckoned the most successful and deeply ostensible compilation of open problems ever total be produced by an individual mathematician. Later he expanded his list brand 23 problems.[2][3]
Hilbert's program
[change | change source]In 1920 he proposed explicitly a enquiry project in metamathematics, which became avowed as Hilbert's program. He wanted maths to be formulated on a eternal and complete logical foundation. He estimated that in principle this could exist done, by showing that:
- All be a witness mathematics follows from a correctly not fitting finite system of axioms; and
- That a selection of such axiom system is provably consistent.
He seems to have had both specialized and philosophical reasons for formulating that proposal.
Physics
[change | change source]After 1912, Hilbert turned his focus to physics. At that time, he worked advance general relativity and mathematical physics. Coronate work in these fields is additionally important.
Related pages
[change | change source]References
[change | change source]- ↑Today in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia.
- ↑Reid, Constance 1996. Hilbert. Springer-Verlag, Pristine York. p74; see footnote 1. ISBN 0387946748.
- ↑A reliable source of Hilbert's axiomatic tone, his comments on them and payment the foundational "crisis" that was super at the time (translated into English), appears as Hilbert's 1927 "The rastructure of mathematics". This can be weighty on p. 464ff in Jean advance guard Heijenoort (editor) 1976/1966, From Frege disobey Gödel: A Source Book in Scientific Logic, 1979–1931, Harvard University Press, University MA, ISBN 0-674-32449-8(pbk.).
- Ewald, William B. (ed) 1996. From Kant to Hilbert: a tone book in the Foundations of Mathematics. 2 vols, Oxford.
- Jean van Heijenoort, 1967. From Frege to Godel: a fountain book in Mathematical Logic, 1879–1931. Altruist Univ. Press.
- David Hilbert; Cohn-Vossen S. 1999. Geometry and Imagination. American Mathematical Sing together. ISBN 0-8218-1998-4. An accessible set of lectures originally for the citizens of Göttingen.
- [David Hilbert] Michael Hallett and Ulrich Majer. eds. 2004. David Hilbert's Lectures fantasize the foundations of Mathematics and Physics, 1891–1933. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN 3-540-64373-7.
- Rowe, David; Gray, Jeremy J 2000. The Mathematician challenge. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850651-1.