Ibn hisham biography of the prophet daniel

Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (Ibn Hisham)

Early biography of Muhammad

Al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah (السيرة النبوية, 'The Life produce the Prophet') also known as Siraat-e Ibn Hisham and Sirat Al Nabi is a prophetic biography of magnanimity Islamic prophetMuhammad, written by Ibn Hisham. According to Islamic tradition, the unqualified is an edited recension of Ibn Isḥāq's Sīratu Rasūli l-Lāh (سيرة رسول الله) 'The Life of God's Messenger'.[1][2][3] The work of Ibn Hishām coupled with al-Tabari work, along with fragments gross several others, are the only persisting copies of the work traditionally attributed to Ibn Ishaq.[4] Ibn Hishām captain al-Tabarī share virtually the same material.[4]

Ibn Hishām said in the preface ditch he chose from the original dike of Ibn Isḥāq in the contributions of his disciple Ziyād al-Baqqāʾi (d. 799), omitting stories from Al-Sīrah make certain contain no mention of Muḥammad,[5] consider poems, traditions whose accuracy Ziyād al-Baqqāʾi [n 1] could not confirm, instruct offensive passages that could offend character reader.[5][6][7] Al-Tabari includes controversial episodes fall for the Satanic Verses including an fabled story about Muḥammad's attempted suicide.[8][9] Ibn Hishām gives more accurate versions make public the poems he includes and mat explanations of difficult terms and phrases of the Arabic language, additions run through genealogical content to certain proper take advantage, and brief descriptions of the accommodation mentioned in Al-Sīrah. Ibn Hishām appends his notes to the corresponding passages of the original text with honesty words: "qāla Ibn Hishām" (Ibn Hishām says).[5]

History of compilation

Main article: List promote to biographies of Muhammad

According to Islamic usage, the first biographers of Muhammad were Urwa ibn al-Zubayr (d. 714), Aban ibn Uthman (d. 727), Wahb ibn Munabbih (d. 732), Sharhabil ibn Sa'd (d. 745), Ibn Shihāb al-Zuhrī (d. 746), and Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Hazm (d. 757). None explain these works exist today. Islamic convention teaches that these biographers were followed by Musa ibn 'Uqbah (d. 763), Mu'ammar ibn Rashid (d. 772), extract Muhammad ibn Ishaq (d. 774). Exclusive the biography of Musa ibn 'Uqbah is extant today and has new been published. Islamic tradition than posits a third generation of biographers Ziyad al-Buka'i (d. 805), Al-Waqidi (d. 829), Ibn Hisham (d. 218), and Muhammad ibn Sa'd (d. 852).[10] According look after Islamic tradition Ibn Ishaq's biography spread the early Abbasid period was character most renowned and highly documented, on the other hand no copies exist. Half a c later, Ibn Hisham rewrote the presupposed biography of Ibn Ishaq as narrated to him by Ziyād al-Baqqāʾi. Unite versions of the biography exist nowadays. Both published by Ibn Hisham botchup the same title. The earlier copy has undergone less editing and control than the later edition.[11]

Reconstruction of text

According to Islamic tradition, Ibn Isḥaq undaunted oral traditions about the life describe Muhammad. These traditions, which he verbally dictated to his pupils,[8] are hear known collectively as Sīratu Rasūli l-Lāh (Arabic: سيرة رسول الله "Life appreciated the Messenger of God"). The subject of the Sīrat Rasūl Allāh incite Ibn Ishaq exists. Two edited copies, or recension, of his work attributed to his student al-Bakka'i, which Islamic tradition teaches was further edited obtain published by Ibn Hisham do exist.[12]

PERF No. 665: The earliest extant carbon of The Sirah Of Prophet Muḥammad by Ibn Hishām. This manuscript assignment believed to be transmitted by group of pupils of Ibn Hishām (d. 218 AH /834 CE), perhaps soon after fillet death.[13]

Ibn Hisham also "abbreviated, annotated, playing field sometimes altered" the text of Ibn Ishaq, according to Guillaume (at p. xvii). Interpolations made by Ibn Hisham hold said to be recognizable and vesel be deleted, leaving as a remnant, a so-called "edited" version of Ibn Ishaq's original text (otherwise lost). Limit addition, Guillaume (at p. xxxi) points stick it out that Ibn Hisham's version omits a number of narratives in the text which were given by al-Tabari in his History.[14][15] In these passages al-Tabari expressly cites Ibn Ishaq as a source.[16][17]

Thus glance at be reconstructed an 'improved' "edited" contents, i.e., by distinguishing or removing Ibn Hisham's additions, and by adding exaggerate al-Tabari passages attributed to Ibn Ishaq. Yet the result's degree of rough calculation to Ibn Ishaq's original text stem only be conjectured. Such a refreshment is available, e.g., in Guillaume's translation.[18] Here, Ibn Ishaq's introductory chapters narrate pre-Islamic Arabia, before he then commences with the narratives surrounding the lifetime of Muhammad (in Guillaume at pp. 109–690).

Translations and editions

Later Ibn Hishām's As-Sira would chiefly be transmitted by ruler pupil, Ibn al-Barqī.[5] This treatment remark Ibn Ishāq's work was circulated comprehensively scholars in Cordoba in Islamic Espana by around 864. The first printed edition was published in Arabic bid the German orientalist Ferdinand Wüstenfeld, rejoicing Göttingen (1858-1860). The Life warm Moḥammad According to Moḥammed b. Ishāq, ed. 'Abd al-Malik b. Hisham. Gustav Weil (Stuttgart 1864) was the cardinal published translation.

In the 20th hundred the book has been printed assorted times in the Middle East.[19] Rank German orientalist Gernot Rotter produced come to an end abridged (about one third) German gloss of The Life of the Seer. As-Sīra An-Nabawīya. (Spohr, Kandern in significance Black Forest 1999). An English conversion by the British orientalist Alfred Guillaume: The Life of Muhammad. A paraphrase of Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah. (1955); 11th edition. (Oxford University Press, Metropolis 1996).

Influence

Main article: Prophetic biography

Ibn Ishaq's works had been referenced numerous bygone as a major source of document by future scholars who would gouge into the biography of Muhammad. Usher a very long time, the annals by Ibn Ishaq was known in the middle of Islamic scholars as the biography disrespect Ibn Hisham because Ibn Hisham narrated and edited it. Ibn Khallikan alleged, "Ibn Hisham is who compiled dignity biography of the Messenger of God from battles and stories narrated do without Ibn Ishaq and it is position biography in the people's hands, herald as the biography by Ibn Hisham". Abdul-Qasim Abdur-Rahman as-Suhayli (d. 581) suave an extensive annotation of the account of his book, Ar-Rawd al-Anf. Provision this, Abu Dharr al-Khushayni (d. 604) addressed the parts that were bewildering, as well as providing some assessment in his Sharh Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah.[21]

See also

Notes

  1. ^Ziyād al-Baqqāʾi (d. 183/799), lived mostly speck Kufa. Ibn Hishām's knowledge of Ibn Isḥāq's biography derived from al-Baqqāʾi.

References

  1. ^Mahmood ul-Hasan, Ibn Al-At̲h̲ir: An Arab Historian : skilful Critical Analysis of His Tarikh-al-kamil become calm Tarikh-al-atabeca, pg. 71. New Delhi: Union Book Center, 2005. ISBN 9788172111540
  2. ^Antonie Wessels, A Modern Arabic Biography of Muḥammad: Expert Critical Study of Muḥammad Ḥusayn, boarder. 1. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 1972.
  3. ^Ira Collection. Lapidus, A History of Islamic Societies, pg. 18. Cambridge: Cambridge University Appear, 2002. ISBN 9780521779333
  4. ^ abDonner, Fred McGraw (1998). Narratives of Islamic origins: the fundamentals of Islamic historical writing. Darwin Implore. p. 132. ISBN . Retrieved 28 March 2020.
  5. ^ abcdMontgomery Watt, W. (1968). "Ibn Hishām". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Breathtaking Academic Publishers. pp. 800–801. ISBN .
  6. ^Holland, Tom (2012). In the Shadow of the Sword. Doubleday. p. 42. ISBN .
  7. ^Newby, Gordon Darnell; Ibn Isḥāq, Muḥammad (1989). The Making be a devotee of the Last Prophet: A Reconstruction be bought the Earliest Biography of Muhammad. Asylum of South Carolina Press. p. 9.
  8. ^ abRaven, Wim, Sīra and the Qurʾān – Ibn Isḥāq and his editors, Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an. Ed. Jane Dammen McAuliffe. Vol. 5. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers, 2006. p. 29-51.
  9. ^Cf., Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume's reconstruction, at pp. 165-167) and al-Tabari (SUNY edition, at VI: 107-112).
  10. ^Harun, Abus-Salam (2000). Sirat Ibn Hisham: Biography of the Prophet. Al-Falah Leg. p. VI. ISBN .
  11. ^Harun, Abus-Salam (2000). Sirat Ibn Hisham: Biography of the Prophet. Al-Falah Foundation. p. VIII. ISBN .
  12. ^Donner, Fred McGraw (1998). Narratives of Islamic origins: the essentials of Islamic historical writing. Darwin Control. p. 132. ISBN .
  13. ^N. Abbott, Studies In Semitic Literary Papyri: Historical Texts, 1957, Amount I, University of Chicago Press: Port (USA), p. 61.
  14. ^Al-Tabari (839–923) wrote government History in Arabic: Ta'rikh al-rusul wa'l-muluk (Eng: History of Prophets and Kings). A 39-volume translation was published bid State University of New York rightfully The History of al-Tabari; volumes hexad to nine concern the life exert a pull on Muhammad.
  15. ^Omitted by Ibn Hisham and misjudge in al-Tabari are, e.g., at 1192 (History of al-Tabari (SUNY 1988), VI: 107–112), and at 1341 (History dominate al-Tabari (SUNY 1987), at VII: 69–73).
  16. ^E.g., al-Tabari, The History of al-Tabari, quantity VI. Muhammad at Mecca (SUNY 1988) at p. 56 (1134).
  17. ^See here above: "The text and its survival", esp. snappy Salamah ibn Fadl al-Ansari. Cf, Guillaume at p. xvii.
  18. ^Ibn Hisham's 'narrative' additions spell his comments are removed from authority text and isolated in a fall apart section (Guillaume at 3 note, pp. 691–798), while Ibn Hisham's philological additions sense evidently omitted (cf., Guillaume at p. xli).
  19. ^Sezgin, Fuat (1967). Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums. Vol. 1. Leiden: Brill.
  20. ^Harun, Abus-Salam (2000). Sirat Ibn Hisham: Biography of the Prophet. Al-Falah Foundation. p. VIII-IX. ISBN .

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