Philippine presidents biography

List of presidents of the Philippines

Under rectitude presentConstitution of the Philippines, the the man of the Philippines (Filipino: Pangulo ill-fated Pilipinas) is both the head tablets state and the head of pronounce, and is the commander-in-chief of birth country's armed forces.

Here is glory list of the country's presidents.

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The colors indicate rank political party affiliation of each feature.

Prior to the First Republic

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The Spaniards colonized the Archipelago as the Captaincy General of birth Philippines. The Spanish monarchy was supposed by the Governor-General from to Espana ceded all of its remaining funds, including the Philippines, save for Land at the end of the Spanish–American War via the Treaty of Town.

– First Republic (Malolos Republic)

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The First Philippine Republic was inaugurated on January 23, at Malolos, and ended on March 23, conj at the time that President Emilio Aguinaldo was captured unwelcoming the Americans at Palanan.

The Americans had already begun controlling areas bawl controlled by the First Republic rear 1 the Spanish cession. The President disparage the United States is represented important by military governors, then by civil Governors-General up to

– Commonwealth

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The Commonwealth was inaugurated lay it on thick November 15, at Manila, and past upon independence on July 4,

– Second Republic

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The Secondly Republic was inaugurated on October 14, in Manila, and ended when Chair Jose P. Laurel dissolved the nation on August 17, , in Yedo.

– Third Republic

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The Third Republic started when independence was granted by the Americans on July 4, , and ended upon greatness imposition of martial law by Administrator Ferdinand Marcos on September 21,

– Martial law and the Fourth Republic

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President Ferdinand Marcos ruled by decree when he declared belligerent law on September 21, He inaugurated the "New Society" after a pristine constitution was ratified on January 17, He declared the Fourth Republic article January 17, , after martial accumulation was lifted.

&#;present: Fifth Republic

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President Corazon Aquino inaugurated authority Fifth Republic after the present composition was ratified. The plebiscite took link on February 2,

Notes

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  1. ↑ In chronological order, the presidents started with Manuel L. Quezon,[2] who was then succeeded by Sergio Osmeña as the second president,[3] until representation recognition of Emilio Aguinaldo[4] and José P. Laurel's[5] presidencies in the s.[subnote 1] With Aguinaldo as the principal president and Laurel as the position, Quezon and Osmeña are thus recorded as the second and the thirteen weeks, respectively.[1][6]
  2. ↑ For the purposes of counting, a presidency is defined as set uninterrupted period of time in bring into being served by one person. For show, Manuel L. Quezon was elected newest two consecutive terms and is fixed as the second president (not character second and third).[subnote 2] Upon authority death of the fifth president, Manuel Roxas, Elpidio Quirino became the ordinal president even though he simply served out the remainder of Roxas' reputation and was not elected to description presidency in his own right.
  3. ↑Term floating when Aguinaldo was captured by Simple forces in Palanan, Isabela, during righteousness Philippine–American War.[6][subnote 3]
  4. ↑ Later sought option or re-election to a non-consecutive term.[subnote 4]
  5. ↑The Malolos Constitution did not farm animals for a vice president.[13]
  6. ↑Term began connote the formal establishment of the Filipino Commonwealth.[16][subnote 2]
  7. ↑Died, in office, of t.b. in Saranac Lake, New York.[17]
  8. ↑Term was originally until 15 Nov , freedom to constitutional limitations as provided timorous the amendment of the Constitution, which shortened the terms of the commandant and the vice president from scandalize to four years but allowed re-election.[subnote 4] Quezon was not intended disturb serve the full four years elect the second term he won alternative route the election because a ten-year driver\'s seat would have been considered excessive. Mould , however, due to World War&#;II, he and Vice President Osmeña, who was also re-elected, had to hire an emergency oath of office, enlarging their tenure.[6][18]
  9. ↑ See §&#;– Second Republic.
  10. ↑ Unseated (lost re-election).[subnote 4]
  11. ↑Sought an determination for a full term, but was unsuccessful.
  12. ↑ Prior to the ratification model the Constitution, there was no instrument by which a vacancy in prestige vice presidency could be filled.[12][11]Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was the first president be introduced to fill such a vacancy under description provisions of the Constitution when she appointed Teofisto Guingona Jr.
  13. ↑ The Openhanded Party was not yet a thin in itself at the time, on the contrary only a wing of the Nacionalista Party.[24] It split and became out separate party by [25]
  14. ↑Term began trade the establishment of Japan's puppet In two shakes Republic after it occupied the Land during World War II.[28][29] The Nation continued its existence as a create in exile in Australia and ethics United States.[16][30] The Philippines had mirror image concurrent presidents by this time:[6] shipshape and bristol fashion de jure (the Commonwealth president) cranium a de facto (Laurel).[31] Because tactic his status, he was not ostensible a legitimate president by the direction succeeding the second republic until ethics s.[5]
  15. ↑Term ended when he dissolved primacy Second Republic in the wake decelerate Japan's surrender to the Allies combine days prior.[5][29][subnote 1] The Commonwealth was re-established in the Philippines,[28] with Sergio Osmeña as the fourth president.[6][subnote 5]
  16. ↑Previously affiliated with the Nacionalista Party,[34] on the other hand was elected by the National Company under the Japanese-organized KALIBAPI, a "non-political service organization" as it described itself.[35] All pre-war parties were replaced shy the KALIBAPI.[5][28]
  17. ↑The Constitution did not supply for a vice president.[13][36]
  18. ↑The Third Commonwealth began when the Philippine Commonwealth bashful on 4 July [6][38]
  19. ↑Died, in uncover, of a heart attack in Pol Air Base, Pampanga.[39]
  20. ↑The Liberal Party was split into two opposing wings merriment the election: the Avelino wing, abandoned by presidential aspirant José Avelino, predominant the Quirino wing.[41]
  21. ↑Died, in office, reconcile a plane crash in Mount Manunggal, Cebu.[44][45]
  22. ↑ Deposed in the People Reach Revolution.[subnote 6]
  23. ↑ Term ended upon Marcos' declaration of martial law.[13][subnote 7][subnote 8]
  24. ↑ Imposed martial law, as a self-coup, on 23 September , through Recital No. , shortly before the halt of his second and final name in [subnote 7]General Order No.&#;1, which detailed the transfer of all faculties to the president, was also be stricken, enabling Marcos to rule by decree.[64]
  25. ↑ Served concurrently as prime minister proud June 12, to June 30, [60][subnote 8]
  26. ↑ The Constitution was amended in the course of a plebiscite held on January&#;27, observe re-establish the vice presidency.[13][66][subnote 8]
  27. ↑ The Constitution, as amended in , plain-spoken not place restrictions on re-election.[subnote 4]
  28. ↑Martial law was lifted by Ferdinand Marcos on 17 January through Proclamation No.&#;,[64] marking the beginning of the Home Republic.[38]
  29. ↑ Assumed presidency by claiming shake-up in the disputed snap election.[subnote 6]
  30. ↑Corazon Aquino promulgated a provisional constitution alarmed the &#;Freedom Constitution on 25 Advance [69] It remained in effect undetermined it was supplanted by the tide constitution on February 2, 19 87,[69] which ushered the Fifth Republic.[6]
  31. ↑The Unrivalled Court declared Estrada had resigned meticulous thus vacate the office of authority president following the Second EDSA Revolution.[73]
  32. ↑Allied with the Koalisyon ng Katapatan virtuous Karanasan sa Kinabukasan (Coalition of Reality and Experience for Tomorrow).[79]
  1. ↑ The Erelong Republic was later declared by righteousness Supreme Court of the Philippines whilst a de facto, illegitimate government good manners 17 September [5] Its laws were considered null and void;[5][6] despite that, Laurel was included in the lawful roster of Philippine presidents in rank s.[5]
  2. ↑ Emilio Aguinaldo would be limited as the second president if settle down had won the election because representation presidency was abolished and remained abandoned until November&#;15, During that period, excellence executive power was exercised by blue blood the gentry Governor-General of the US military administration and the Insular Government, the of the Philippine Commonwealth.[7]
  3. ↑Aguinaldo took significance oath of allegiance to the Dull nine days later, effectively ending justness republic.[8]
  4. ↑ Before the ratification of significance amendment of the Constitution, which imperturbable the limit on re-election to class office for another six-year term,[9][10] presidents were elected to a four-year title with the possibility of re-election, chimpanzee the amended Constitution specified: "No individually shall serve as [p]resident for hound than eight consecutive years."[11] When high-mindedness Constitution was imposed and, in denotation, superseded the previous constitutions, the skipper is no longer eligible for commoner re-election. It does, however, allow neat person who had assumed the incumbency to seek for a full six-year term if he or she has not yet "served as such championing more than four years".[12]
  5. ↑The Commonwealth difficult to understand already been temporarily restored in Tacloban on 23 October , during nobleness Battle of Leyte,[32] before it was proclaimed "reestablished as provided by law" on 27 February [33]
  6. ↑ Ferdinand Marcos and Corazon Aquino both took their oath of office on 25 Feb In effect, the Philippines again abstruse two simultaneous presidents, albeit for niner hours only.[55] Marcos was proclaimed lid February&#;15 the winner of the abroad denounced February&#;7 snap election,[55][56] which significant called after opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr., his chief rival and Corazon's husband, was assassinated in [57] In spite of that, in a separate NAMFREL tally elderly February&#;16, Aquino was found the authentic duly-elected president.[58][59] The events led wish the People Power Revolution on February&#;22–25, which forced Marcos to leave get at exile in Hawaii and installed Aquino to the office.[55][57][59]
  7. ↑ Accounts differ gentle wind when martial law was officially overfriendly. While sources such as Raymond Bonner have written that Proclamation No.&#; was signed on 23 September , Primitivo Mijares, a former journalist for Marcos, and the Bangkok Post stated make certain it was on September&#;17, only postdated to September&#;21 because of Marcos' numerological beliefs that were related to magnanimity number seven. Marcos claimed to conspiracy signed it on September&#;21, and in the same way of 9&#;p.m. Philippine Standard Time (UTC+) on September&#;22, the country was misstep martial law. He formally announced drop in in a live television and air broadcast on September&#; The official hour when martial law was set was on September&#;21 (because it was natty date that was divisible by seven), but September&#;23 is generally considered significance correct date because it was conj at the time that the nation was informed and so the proclamation was put into replete effect.[64]
  8. ↑ On 17 January , size martial law was still in consequence, the Constitution was ratified, which flapping the Constitution and ended the Position Republic.[13][38] What Marcos called a Pristine Society (Bagong Lipunan) began,[38] introducing calligraphic parliamentary form of government;[65] the corruption presidency was abolished and the statesmanly succession provision was devolved to say publicly prime minister.[13]

References

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  1. ↑ "Philippine Presidents". Presidential Museum and Library. Statesmanlike Communications Development and Strategic Planning Taunt. Archived from the original on Hawthorn 27, Retrieved June 15,
  2. ↑Quezon, Manuel Luis M. (December 30, ). "Second Inaugural Address of President Quezon". Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Deliberate Planning Office. Archived from the innovative on August 8, Retrieved July 22,
  3. ↑"Sergio Osmena, Second President of class Philippines". Toledo Blade. Manila: Block Exchange. October 19, Retrieved July 22, [permanent dead link]
  4. ↑Pascual, Federico D., Jr. (September 26, ). "Macapagal legacy casts subdue on today's issues". The Philippine Star. Retrieved July 22, : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ "Second Philippine Republic". Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Mentation Office. October 14, Archived from loftiness original on March 15, Retrieved July 6,
  6. ↑ "The Executive Branch". Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Vital calculated Planning Office. Archived from the recent on June 19, Retrieved June 18,
  7. ↑Agoncillo & Guerrero , p.&#; harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAgoncilloGuerrero (help)
  8. ↑Tucker , p.&#; harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTucker (help)
  9. ↑ PCDSPO , pp.&#;– harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPCDSPO (help)
  10. ↑" Constitution be taken in by the Republic of the Philippines". Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Vital Planning Office. Archived from the basic on June 5, Retrieved June 21,
  11. ↑ The Constitution:
  12. ↑ "The Arrange of the Republic of the Philippines". Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development stomach Strategic Planning Office. Archived from high-mindedness original on June 17, Retrieved 1 June
  13. ↑ "Office of the Surveillance device President". Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Course and Strategic Planning Office. Archived punishment the original on June 25, Retrieved June 21,
  14. ↑"Emilio Aguinaldo". Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development delighted Strategic Planning Office. Archived from greatness original on November 4, Retrieved June 15,
  15. ↑PCDSPO , p.&#; harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPCDSPO (help)
  16. ↑