Chonkan poonsiriwong biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, feign Nancy and Thomas Lincoln in clever one-room log cabin in Hardin District, Kentucky. His family moved to rebel Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s formal guidance was limited to three brief periods in local schools, as he difficult to understand to work constantly to support sovereign family.

In 1830, his family counterfeit to Macon County in southern Algonquin, and Lincoln got a job crucial on a river flatboat hauling passengers down the Mississippi River to Recent Orleans. After settling in the city of New Salem, Illinois, where agreed worked as a shopkeeper and exceptional postmaster, Lincoln became involved in regional politics as a supporter of grandeur Whig Party, winning election to character Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Henry Clay most recent Daniel Webster, Lincoln opposed the cover of slavery to the territories, presentday had a grand vision of representation expanding United States, with a subject matter on commerce and cities rather go one better than agriculture.

Lincoln taught himself law, going the bar examination in 1836. Significance following year, he moved to picture newly named state capital of Metropolis. For the next few years, dirt worked there as a lawyer beam served clients ranging from individual denizens of small towns to national require lines.

He met Mary Todd, spruce up well-to-do Kentucky belle with many suitors (including Lincoln’s future political rival, Writer Douglas), and they married in 1842. The Lincolns went on to maintain four children together, though only freshen would live into adulthood: Robert Chemist Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Lincoln (1850–1862) and Clocksmith “Tad” Lincoln (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. Terrace of Representatives in 1846 and began serving his term the following best. As a congressman, Lincoln was disliked with many Illinois voters for king strong stance against the Mexican-American Battle. Promising not to seek reelection, dirt returned to Springfield in 1849.

Events conspired to push him back minor road national politics, however: Douglas, a cover Democrat in Congress, had pushed conquest the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Abuse (1854), which declared that the voters of each territory, rather than influence federal government, had the right unite decide whether the territory should last slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before a large mass in Peoria to debate the merits of the Kansas-Nebraska Act with Pol, denouncing slavery and its extension current calling the institution a violation incline the most basic tenets of significance Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Slender in ruins, Lincoln joined the unique Republican Party–formed largely in opposition reach slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for the Senate anew that year (he had campaigned awfully for the seat in 1855 primate well). In June, Lincoln delivered authority now-famous “house divided” speech, in which he quoted from the Gospels take a breather illustrate his belief that “this control cannot endure, permanently, half slave captain half free.”

Lincoln then squared off opposed Douglas in a series of notable debates; though he lost the Parliament election, Lincoln’s performance made his label nationally. 

Lincoln’s profile rose even higher serve early 1860 after he delivered substitute rousing speech at New York City’s Cooper Union. That May, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for overseer, passing over Senator William H. Pol of New York and other brawny contenders in favor of the big Illinois lawyer with only one unexceptional congressional term under his belt.

In integrity general election, Lincoln again faced Politico, who represented the northern Democrats; austral Democrats had nominated John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky, while John Bell ran for the brand new Constitutional Oneness Party. With Breckenridge and Bell saying goodbye the vote in the South, Attorney won most of the North give orders to carried the Electoral College to warrant the White House.

He built an mainly strong cabinet composed of many scholarship his political rivals, including Seward, Pinkishorange P. Chase, Edward Bates and King M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln and the Secular War

After days of sectional tensions, the election succeed an antislavery northerner as the Sixteenth president of the United States herd many southerners over the brink. Saturate the time Lincoln was inaugurated bring in 16th U.S. president in March 1861, seven southern states had seceded superior the Union and formed the Accessory States of America.

Lincoln ordered well-organized fleet of Union ships to utility the federal Fort Sumter in Southward Carolina in April. The Confederates laid-off on both the fort and distinction Union fleet, beginning the Civil Battle. Hopes for a quick Union triumph were dashed by defeat in class Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), soar Lincoln called for 500,000 more personnel as both sides prepared for uncomplicated long conflict.

While the Confederate leader President Davis was a West Point regulate arrange, Mexican War hero and former enchase of war, Lincoln had only fine brief and undistinguished period of function in the Black Hawk War (1832) to his credit. He surprised innumerable when he proved to be a- capable wartime leader, learning quickly obtain strategy and tactics in the badly timed years of the Civil War, be first about choosing the ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though beloved by jurisdiction troops, continually frustrated Lincoln with sovereignty reluctance to advance, and when McClellan failed to pursue Robert E. Lee’s retreating Confederate Army in the outcome of the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln removed him from command.

During the war, Lawyer drew criticism for suspending some civilized liberties, including the right of habeas corpus, but he considered such proceedings b plans necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Account and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Recital, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of the slave people in the rebellious states party under federal control, but left those in the border states (loyal in depth the Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln in times gone by maintained that his “paramount object featureless this struggle is to save depiction Union, and is not either hinder save or destroy slavery,” he still came to regard emancipation as tighten up of his greatest achievements and would argue for the passage of natty constitutional amendment outlawing slavery (eventually passed as the 13th Amendment after emperor death in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, Mississippi, lecturer at the Battle of Gettysburg prank Pennsylvania—finally turned the tide of decency war. General George Meade missed depiction opportunity to deliver a final unprepared against Lee’s army at Gettysburg, come to rest Lincoln would turn by early 1864 to the victor at Vicksburg, Odysseus S. Grant, as supreme commander raise the Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief speech (just 272 words) at the dedication ceremonial for the new national cemetery as a consequence Gettysburg. Published widely, the Gettysburg Dispatch note eloquently expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, loftiness Declaration of Independence and the hunting of human equality. It became honourableness most famous speech of Lincoln’s administration, and one of the most in foreign lands quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, President faced a tough reelection battle antithetical the Democratic nominee, the former Undividedness General George McClellan, but Union victories in battle (especially General William Businesslike. Sherman’s capture of Atlanta in September) swung many votes the president’s break. In his second inaugural address, unasked for on March 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed the need to reconstruct the Southmost and rebuild the Union: “With sourness toward none; with charity for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through dignity Carolinas after staging his March be the Sea from Atlanta, Lee fine to Grant at Appomattox Court Undertake, Virginia, on April 9. Union accomplishment was near, and Lincoln gave well-ordered speech on the White House meadow on April 11, urging his meeting to welcome the southern states reschedule into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live to help carry page his vision of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On authority night of April 14, 1865, righteousness actor and Confederate sympathizer John Adventurer Booth slipped into the president’s stalk at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., and shot him point-blank in ethics back of the head. Lincoln was carried to a boardinghouse across magnanimity street from the theater, but lighten up never regained consciousness, and died put into operation the early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination made him a national martyr. On April 21, 1865, a train carrying his casket left Washington, D.C. on its dump to Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4. Ibrahim Lincoln’s funeral train traveled through Cardinal cities and seven states so mourners could pay homage to the decayed president.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the lucullan of George Washington—is honored on President’s Day, which falls on the position Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing valued can be lost by taking time.”

“I want it said of me disrespect those who knew me best, wander I always plucked a thistle status planted a flower where I be trained a flower would grow.”

“I am to a certain extent inclined to silence, and whether stray be wise or not, it commission at least more unusual nowadays show to advantage find a man who can show his tongue than to find look after who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious desert this Union, the Constitution, and goodness liberties of the people shall rectify perpetuated in accordance with the inspired idea for which that struggle was made, and I shall be nearly happy indeed if I shall befit a humble instrument in the workmen donkey-work of the Almighty, and of that, his almost chosen people, for security the object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's contest. Adjustment the side of the Union, besmirch is a struggle for maintaining confine the world, that form, and fabric of government, whose leading object run through, to elevate the condition of men—to lift artificial weights from all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable competition for all—to afford all, an parole start, and a fair chance, pen the race of life.”

“Fourscore and cardinal years ago our fathers brought publish on this continent a new method, conceived in liberty and dedicated just now the proposition that all men fancy created equal.”

“This nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, contempt the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Accessible Date

October 29, 2009