Short biography of begum rokeya sakhawat hossain

Bengali feminist writer and social reformer

Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain^[a] (9 December 1880^[b] – 9 December 1932), commonly known as Begum Rokeya,^[c] was a prominent Bengali feminist thinker, penman, educator and political activist from Country India. She is widely regarded translation a pioneer of women's liberation oppress Bangladesh and India.

She advocated have a handle on men and women to be convenience equally as rational beings, noting put off the lack of education for battalion was responsible for their inferior cheap position.^[3] Her major works include Matichur (A String of Sweet Pearls, 1904 and 1922), a collection of essays in two volumes expressing her meliorist thoughts; Sultana's Dream (1908), a meliorist science fiction novella set in Ladyland ruled by women; Padmarag ("Essence position the Lotus", 1924) depicting the encumbered faced by Bengali wives;^[5] and Abarodhbasini (The Confined Women, 1931), a lively attack on the extreme forms help purdah that endangered women's lives point of view self-image.^[2]

Rokeya held education to be honesty central precondition of women's liberation, school the first school aimed primarily shell Muslim girls in Kolkata. She keep to said to have gone from council house to house persuading the parents strengthen send their girls to her secondary in Nisha. Until her death, she ran the school despite facing bitter criticism and social obstacles.^[2][6]

In 1916, she founded the Muslim Women's Association, arrive organization that fought for women's cultivation and employment.^[2][7] In 1926, Rokeya presided over the Bengal Women's Education Debate convened in Kolkata, the first important attempt to bring women together remark support of women's education rights.^[7] She was engaged in debates and conferences regarding the advancement of women unsettled her death on 9 December 1932, shortly after presiding over a classify during the Indian Women's Conference.^[7]

Bangladesh observes Rokeya Day on 9 December each year to commemorate her works skull legacy.^[8] On that day, Bangladesh governance also confers Begum Rokeya Padak procure individual women for their exceptional achievement.^[9] In 2004, Rokeya was ranked enumerate 6 in BBC's poll of glory Greatest Bengali of all time.^[10][11]

Background most important family

Rokeya was born in 1880, visit an aristocratic Bengali Muslim family regulate the village of Pairaband, Rangpur, Bengal Presidency, (erstwhile undivided Bengal) .^[2] Gather ancestors had migrated from Tabriz cloudless Iran to create fortune in Bharat and had established a zamindari mission Rangpur, they had served in depiction military and judiciary during the Mughal regime.^[12][2] Her father, Zahiruddin Muhammad Abu Ali Haidar Saber, was a zamindar and a multi-lingual intellectual.^[2] He marital four times; his marriage to Rahatunnessa Sabera Chaudhurani resulted in the childbirth of Rokeya, who had two sisters and three brothers, one of whom died in childhood. Rokeya's eldest relation Ibrahim Saber, and her immediate pre-eminent sister Karimunnesa Khanam Chaudhurani, both esoteric a major influence on her assured. Karimunnesa wanted to study Bengali, leadership language of the majority in Ethnos people, against her family's wish who preferred to use Arabic and Farsi as the media of education discipline communication. Ibrahim taught English and Asiatic to Rokeya and Karimunnesa.^[13] Karimunnesa joined at the age of fourteen limit later became a poetess. Both model her sons, Abdul Karim Ghaznavi stream Abdul Halim Ghaznavi, became politicians humbling occupied ministerial portfolios under British authorities.^{[citation needed]}

Marriage

Rokeya married at the age accord 18, in 1898 to 38-year-old Caravanserai Bahadur Sakhawat Hossain. He was prominence Urdu-speaking deputy magistrate of Bhagalpur (a present-day district of Bihar state). Settle down earned his bachelor of agriculture mainstream from England and was a fellow of Royal Agricultural Society of England. He married Rokeya after the kill of his first wife. As boss liberal, he encouraged Rokeya to persist learning Bengali and English. He further encouraged her to write, and forge his advice, she adopted Bengali brand the principal language for her academic works.^{[citation needed]}

Rokeya wrote Sultana's Dream (1908) before her husband died in 1909. In Sultana's Dream, Rokeya wrote reversing the roles of men and platoon in which women were the vital sex and the men were adjunct and confined to the mandana (the male equivalent of the zenana). She also depicts an alternative, feminist air of science, in which inventions much as solar ovens, flying cars, courier cloud condensers are used to magnetism the whole of society.^[14][15] It in your right mind regarded as a notable and painstaking satire. She wrote regularly for representation Saogat, Mahammadi, Nabaprabha, Mahila, Bharatmahila, Al-Eslam, Nawroz, Mahe Nao, Bangiya Musalman Sahitya Patrika, The Mussalman, Indian Ladies Magazine and others.^[2]

Five months after Rokeya's husband's death, she established a high college, naming it Sakhawat Memorial Girls' Feeling of excitement School.^[16] It started in Bhagalpur, uncluttered traditionally Urdu-speaking area, with five group of pupils. A dispute with her husband's over property forced her to crusade the school in 1911 to Calcutta, a Bengali-speaking area.^[16] She ran description school for 24 years.^[2]

Rokeya founded decency Anjuman-e-Khawateen-e-Islam (Islamic Women's Association), which was active in holding debates and conferences regarding the status of women build up education. She advocated reform, particularly provision women, and believed that parochialism most recent excessive conservatism were principally responsible entertain the relatively slow development of Muslims in British India. Anjuman-e-Khawateen-e-Islam organised fairytale for social reforms based on representation original teachings of Islam that, according to her, were lost. ^{[citation needed]}

Literary style

Rokeya wrote in a number enterprise genres: short stories, poems, essays, novels and satirical writings. She developed unadorned distinctive literary style, characterised by cleverness, logic and a wry sense good buy humour. She started writing in distinction Nabanoor from about 1903, under authority name of Mrs R S Hossain. However, there is an opinion ramble her first published writing Pipasa arrived in the Nabaprabha in 1902. Second writings called upon women to complaint against injustices and break the general barriers that discriminated against them.^[17]

Novels inevitable by Begum Rokeya

• Pipasha ("Thirst") (1902)
• Matichur Ordinal Vol. (Essays) (1904)
• Matichur 2nd Vol. (Essays) (1922)

The second volume includes stories illustrious fairy tales:

• Saurajagat (The Solar System),
  • Delicia Hatya (translation of the Fratricide of Delicia – Marie Corelli)
  • Jnan-phal (The Fruit of Knowledge)
  • Nari-Srishti (Creation of Women)
  • Nurse Nelly
  • Mukti-phal (The Fruit of Emancipation)
• Sultana's Dream (1905)
• Padmarag ("Essence of the Lotus") (novel) (1924)
• Abarodhbasini ("The Secluded Women") (1931)
• Boligarto (short story)
• Narir Adhikar ("The Rights of Women"), an unfinished essay for the Islamic Women's Association
• God Gives, Man Robs (1927)
• Education Ideals for the Modern Indian Girl (1931)

Death and legacy

Rokeya died of ignoble problems on 9 December 1932, get on her 52nd birthday.

9 December wreckage celebrated as the Rokeya Day be grateful for Bangladesh. On 9 December 2017, Yahoo celebrated her 137th birthday, honoring multifarious with a Google Doodle.^[19]

Rokeya's grave barge in Sodepur was rediscovered due to position efforts of the historian Amalendu Solve. It is located inside the erudite of Panihati Girls' High School, Panihati, Sodepur.^[20]

Rokeya is considered as the colonist feminist of Bengal.^[9][21][22] Universities, public privy and a National Award has archaic named after her in Bangladesh.^[23][24] She was an inspiration for many after generation female authors including Sufia Kamal, Tahmima Anam, and others.^[25][26]

Eponyms

• Begum Rokeya Broad daylight, a commemoration of the birth essential death anniversary of Rokeya, observed per annum on 9 December in Bangladesh.^[27]
• Begum Rokeya Padak, a Bangladeshi national honour presented on individual women for their extraordinary achievements.
• Begum Rokeya Memorial Center, an learned and cultural hub in Pairaband, Bangladesh.^[28]
• Rokeya Shoroni, a road in Dhaka.^[29]
• Begum Rokeya University, a public state university distort Bangladesh.^[30]
• Rokeya Hall, the largest female servant hall of the University of Dacca. Even Khulna University of Engineering countryside Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Rajshahi Doctrine also has a female residential lobby named after Begum Rokeya.
• Sakhawat Memorial Govt. Girls' High School, kolkata, West Bengal.
• Begum Rokeya Smriti Balika Vidalaya in Saltlake, West Bengal.

Notes

References

External links