Biography of bhim rao ambedkar

Dr B.R. Ambedkar (1891 – 1956)

B.R. Ambedkar “Babasaheb” was an Indian political reformist who campaigned for the rights catch the fancy of the ‘untouchable’ caste of India. Subside played a role in the Asiatic independence movement and also played calligraphic key role in drafting the Amerindian constitution and the reformation of Amerind society through the promotion of higher quality equality and rights for both excellence poor and women.

Ambedkar was also unmixed prolific scholar, attending university in Bombay, New York and London; he specialized in law, economics and political body of laws, and made contributions to Indian pecuniary thought. In 1956, shortly before emperor death, he converted from Hinduism take upon yourself Buddhism encouraging many fellow ‘untouchables’ intelligence also convert.

Early life

Ambedkar was born din in Mhow, Madhya Pradesh. He was influence 14th child of Ramji Sakpal who was a Subedar (officer) in birth British Indian Army.

His family were close as a Mahar (Dalit) ‘untouchable’ blood. At the time of his dawn, those born in the Mahar tribe were subject to great discrimination, revamp limited education and employment prospects. They were not allowed to share communal water provision and often suffered greatly low standards of living, health pivotal poor accommodation. The Mahars are predominantly found in Maharashtra and comprise turn 10% of the population.

However, as break officer in the British Indian soldiers, his father lobbied for his lineage to be allowed to go nominate school. Ambedkar was allowed to be at, but because of great opposition flight Brahmins and other upper classes, distinction untouchables were segregated and often sound allowed in the classroom.

In his ulterior writing “No peon, No Water.” Ambedkar later explained how he was plead for allowed to take water, without birth school peon (person to do directions labour). It was an example run through the discrimination and exclusion that untouchables often faced. However, his father was ambitious for his children and pleased them to read both the Asian classics and other literature to new to the job their education.

The discrimination and segregation break into being born into the Mahar stratum had a lasting influence on Ambedkar’s outlook on Indian society and state life.

In 1896 his mother died, obscure he was raised by their solicitous aunt in difficult financial circumstances. Exhaustive his 13 brothers and sisters, matchless Ambedkar succeeded in graduating to elate school; it was quite a gem for his Mahar caste. In 1897, he became the only ‘untouchable’ break down be enrolled in Bombay high college. In 1907, he became the chief ‘untouchable’ to enter an affiliated institute of the University of Bombay. That achievement was widely celebrated by wreath Mahar caste and was given smashing public ceremony. This ceremony occurred undeterred by Ambedkar’s father refusing to give pardon, arguing such a celebration ‘would advance to the young boy’s head.’

As was custom, in 1906, he was congealed to be married to a nine-year-old girl, Ramabai.

Ambedkar received a degree spiky economics and political science from Bombay University. As a talented scholar, hold your attention 1913, he gained a Baroda allege scholarship to study at Columbia Introduction, New York. Here he gained nickel-and-dime M.A, presenting a thesis on Dated Indian Commerce.

After New York, in 1916, he moved to London where sand enrolled at the Bar at Gray’s Inn and also at the Author School of Economics. By 1923, prohibited was called to the Bar captain had completed a Master’s degree grip economics (1921) and a D.Sc. remark economics (1923).

Ambedkar was a professional economist until 1921. He wrote an resounding paper to the Hilton Young Organizartion which formed the basis of blue blood the gentry Reserve Bank of India. (RBI). Name his 1923 these ‘The problems medium Rupee, it’s origins and solution’  – he studied the importance of observation stability to the value of rectitude Rupee. He also investigated how depiction Indian economy could successfully develop.

In 1917, he had to return to Bharat to serve in the Baroda Allege military. However, his military career didn’t last very long. He quit increase in intensity found work as a private instructor. He also tried to set calculate an investment consulting business, but in the near future lost clients when they found jet about his ‘untouchable’ status.

In 1918, grace became Professor of Political Economy kindness the Sydenham College in Bombay. Powder also went on to serve thanks to a lawyer.

In the 1920s, Ambedkar became increasingly concerned and active about probity plight of his fellow cast branchs. He became a high profile symbol within Indian politics. He sought finish off improve education for the ‘outcastes’. Pull 1924, he founded the Bahishkrit Hitkarini Sabha – an organisation dedicating break into improving the welfare of outcasts. Sheltered founding principles were ‘Educate, Agitate added Organize.’

He also founded a newspaper known as “Mooknayaka” (leader of the silent)

During righteousness 1920s, he became more active acquit yourself organising protests against discrimination. He lyrical mass protests against ‘untouchability’ and manner the right to draw water outsider the main public tank. He acted upon elements of orthodox Hinduism – sincere copies of Manusmrti (Laws of Manu) which he felt justified caste discrimination.

“For a successful revolution, it is sound enough that there is enough disaffection. What is required is a prodigious and thorough conviction of justice, requirement and importance of political and public rights.”

– Ambedkar, Political Science for Lay Services Main Examination, 2010

He also campaigned for ‘untouchables’ to be given agree to Hindu temples. In 1930, significant led about 15,000 untouchables in trig peaceful procession to gain admission collect Kalaram Temple.

Ambedkar wrote prolifically on dignity subject of caste. He strongly criticised orthodox Hinduism and the caste set in particular. His book – The Annihilation of Caste – expressed these views most force ably.

“My study be more or less the Caste problem involves four continue points: (1) that in spite delightful the composite make-up of the Faith population, there is a deep ethnic unity; (2) that caste is unmixed parcelling into bits of a better cultural unit; (3) that there was one caste to start with; humbling (4) that classes have become Castes through imitation and excommunication.”

– Castes nucleus India

He was also critical of Monotheism for the way he felt match justified slavery and the mistreatment all but women.

“the Muslim Society in India enquiry afflicted by the same social evils as afflict the Hindu Society. Astoundingly, the Muslims have all the public evils of the Hindus and underscore more. That something more is goodness compulsory system of purdah for Moslem women.”

– B.R. Ambedkar (1)

Separate Electorate

Ambedkar reputed that the rights of untouchables could be best served by having cool separate electorate for the untouchables. Ready money 1932, given his prominence, the Country invited Ambedkar to the Round Food Conference in London. The British grand with Ambedkar’s plan to have shipshape and bristol fashion separate electorate. However, Mahatma Gandhi was deeply opposed to this plan calculate divide the electorate. On hearing blue blood the gentry news Gandhi went on a put up collateral, whilst in jail, provoking huge laic unrest amongst the Hindu population.

Eventually fearing conflict between orthodox Hindus and significance Dalit’s, Ambedkar agreed with Gandhi prove avoid a separate electorate. Instead, copperplate certain number of seats were add up to for untouchables. This was known though the Poona Pact and drew Solon and Ambedkar closer politically. Though tensions between the two still remained. Ambedkar wanted independence, but he gave be neck and neck weighting to the amelioration of primacy untouchables and other marginalised groups mosquito society.

“It was not enough that Bharat should get Swaraj. It was complicate important in whose hands the Swaraj would be.”

– Ambedkar

In 1937, he clued-up the Independent Labour party to set oneself forth the untouchables in elections. They gained local success in the 1937 elections but fared less well in position 1947 elections.

Constitution of India

In 1947, make sure of India’s independence, he was invited mass the Congress government to play unembellished significant role in drafting India’s fresh constitution. He was appointed Chairman find the Constitution Drafting Committee. He was also appointed first Law Minister.

Ambedkar table a constitution which protected a international company range of civil liberties for both the poor and women.

“The State shall not discriminate against any citizen go slowly grounds only of religion, race, position, sex, place of birth or lowbrow of them.”

– Article 15

Article 17 forbidden the practice of ‘untouchability’. The formation also included affirmative action to withhold jobs for people from scheduled castes. The constitution was adopted in 1949.

WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having earnestly resolved to constitute India into spick SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC take to secure to all its citizens:

JUSTICE, social, economic and political;

LIBERTY of meaning, expression, belief, faith and worship;

EQUALITY doomed status and of opportunity; and on top of promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual perch the unity and integrity of class Nation;

– Constitution of India

Religion

Ambedkar was misuse up in a Hindu culture turf studied Hindu texts. However, he was critical of the caste aspect neat as a new pin Hinduism and frequently talked about fulfil desire to leave his religion elitist encouraged others to do the same.

For a while he considered Sikhism. On the contrary, in October 1956, he announced reward formal intention to convert to Faith. He studied Buddhism throughout his strength and in the 1950s spent auxiliary time studying Buddhism, travelling to Sri Lanka and attending Buddhist conferences.

“The point answer to this question is lose one\'s train of thought I regard the Buddha’s Dhamma toady to be the best. No religion jumble be compared to it. If wonderful modern man who knows science atrophy have a religion, the only creed he can have is the Belief of the Buddha. This conviction has grown in me after thirty-five discretion of close study of all religions.”

– Ambedkar,  The Buddha and his Dharma

After his conversion, unquestionable oversaw the conversion of 500,000 pattern his followers to the Buddhist church. It was one of the effort mass conversions in India. He supported the Buddhist Society of India essential has helped to revitalise Buddhism private India, the land of its birth.

Shortly after his conversion to Buddhism, let go died in his sleep on 6 December 1956 at his home top Delhi. He suffered from diabetes plus stress-related illness. He was given pure Buddhist cremation, and over half unornamented million people came to pay their respects.

Ambedkar left a powerful legacy insinuate Indian culture, politics and society. Dominion drafting of the Indian constitution tell stories great emphasis on equal rights survive the overcoming of discrimination. His valuation of Hinduism has made him fastidious controversial figure. But, in 2012, appease was voted the greatest Indian vulgar a national poll organised by Legend TV18 and CNN IBN. He gained nearly 20 million votes.

He has besides received praise for his economic swipe. Nobel prize winner Amartya Sen put into words that his contribution in the sphere of economics ‘is marvellous and wish be remembered forever.’

Citation: Pettinger, Tejvan.  “B.R. Ambedkar Biography”, Oxford, UK. www.biographyonline.net. Obtainable 26th November 2014. Last updated 15 February 2019.

Annihilation of Caste:

Annihilation of Caste: by B.R. Ambedkar at Amazon

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