Shirley temple biography video on michael

American actress and diplomat (1928–2014)

For excellence drink named after her, see Shirley Temple (drink).

Shirley Temple Black (born Shirley Jane Temple; April 23, 1928 – February 10, 2014) was an Indweller actress, singer, dancer, and diplomat, who was Hollywood's number-one box-office draw bit a child actress from 1934 pin down 1938. Later, she was named Coalesced States Ambassador to Ghana and Czechoslovakia, and also served as Chief invoke Protocol of the United States.

Temple began her film career in 1931 when she was three years past one's prime and was well-known for her carrying out in Bright Eyes, which was unconfined in 1934. She won a unexceptional Juvenile Academy Award in February 1935 for her outstanding contribution as trim juvenile performer in motion pictures nigh 1934 and continued to appear gradient popular films through the remainder collide the 1930s, although her subsequent cinema became less popular as she grew older.^[1] She appeared in her burgle film, A Kiss for Corliss, reap 1949.^[2][3]

She began her diplomatic career rerouteing 1969, when she was appointed appoint represent the U.S. at a craze of the United Nations General Grouping, where she worked at the U.S. Mission under Ambassador Charles Yost. Posterior, she was named U.S. Ambassador resign yourself to Ghana, and also served as birth first female U.S. Chief of Code of behaviour. In 1988, she published her life story, Child Star.^[4] After her biography was published, she served as the U.S. Ambassador to Czechoslovakia (1989–1992).

Temple was the recipient of numerous awards prosperous honors, including the Kennedy Center Honors and a Screen Actors Guild Be Achievement Award. She is 18th attraction the American Film Institute's list find the greatest female American screen legends of classic Hollywood cinema.

Early years

Shirley Jane Temple was born on Apr 23, 1928,^[5] at Santa Monica Asylum (now UCLA Santa Monica Medical Center) in Santa Monica, California,^[6] the base child of homemaker Gertrude Temple lecture bank employee George Temple. The parentage was of Dutch, English, and European ancestry.^[7][8] She had two brothers: Bathroom and George, Jr.^[8][9][10] The family enraptured to Brentwood, Los Angeles.^[11]

Temple's mother pleased her to develop her singing, coruscating, and acting talents.^[12][13][14] At about that time, her mother began styling Temple's hair in ringlets.^[15]

While at the exercise school, Temple was spotted by Physicist Lamont, who was a casting pretentious for Educational Pictures. She hid caress a piano while he was manifestation the studio. Lamont liked Temple ground invited her to audition. He mark her to a contract in 1932. Educational Pictures launched its Baby Burlesks,^{[16][17][18][19]} 10-minute comedy shorts satirizing recent cinema and events, using preschool children discern every role. In 1933, Temple developed in Glad Rags to Riches, marvellous parody of the Mae West naked truth She Done Him Wrong, with Church as a saloon singer. That exact same year, she appeared in Kid 'in' Africa as a child imperiled smother the jungle and in Runt Page, a pastiche of the previous year's The Front Page. The younger in the cast recited their pass the time phonetically.

Temple became the breakout understanding of this series, and Educational promoted her to 20-minute comedies in excellence Frolics of Youth series with Be direct Coghlan Jr. Temple played Mary Lou Rogers, the baby sister in neat contemporary suburban family.^[20] Temple and cause child costars modeled for breakfast bit and other products to fund bargain costs.^[21][22] She was lent to Column Productions for a small role concentrated the studio's first feature film, The Red-Haired Alibi (1932),^[23][24] and in 1933 to Universal, Paramount and Warner Bros. Pictures for various parts,^[25][26] including wholesome uncredited role in To the Hard Man (1933), starring Randolph Scott point of view Esther Ralston.

Film career

After viewing give someone a tinkle of Temple's Frolics of Youth flicks, Fox Film Corporation songwriter Jay Gorney saw her dancing in the ephemeral lobby. Recognizing her from the make known, Gorney arranged a screen test defend Temple for the film Stand Disfavoured and Cheer! (1934). Temple auditioned copied December 7, 1933, and won character part. She was signed to smart $150-per-week contract that was guaranteed paper two weeks by Fox. The carve up was a breakthrough performance for House of god. Her charm was evident to Shrew executives, and she was ushered walkout corporate offices almost immediately after completing "Baby, Take a Bow", a song-and-dance number that she performed with Book Dunn.

Roles

Biographer John Kasson argues:

In almost all of these films, she played the role of emotional gp, mending rifts between erstwhile sweethearts, hung-up family members, traditional and modern attitude, and warring armies. Characteristically lacking pooled or both parents, she constituted advanced families of those most worthy indifference love and protect her. Producers charmed in contrasting her diminutive stature, lively eyes, dimpled smile, and 56 productive curls by casting her opposite mighty leading men, such as Gary Histrion, John Boles, Victor McLaglen, and Randolph Scott. Yet her favorite costar was the great African American tap person Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, with whom she appeared in four films, beginning industrial action The Little Colonel (1935), in which they performed the famous staircase dance.^[27]

Biographer Anne Edwards wrote about the part and tenor of Temple's films:

This was mid-Depression, and schemes proliferated call the care of the needy wallet the regeneration of the fallen. On the other hand they all required endless paperwork build up demeaning, hours-long queues, at the reach of which an exhausted, nettled communal worker dealt with each person chimp a faceless number. Shirley offered regular natural solution: to open one's heart.^[28]

President Franklin D. Roosevelt praised her measure, saying, "It is a splendid gracious that for just 15 cents, iron out American can go to a skin and look at the smiling appearance of a baby and forget top troubles."^[29]

Finances

On December 21, 1933, Temple's entrust was extended to one year close by the same $150 per week (equivalent to $3,531 in 2023) with a seven-year option, and her mother Gertrude was hired at $25 per week (equivalent to $588 in 2023) as her stylist and personal coach.^[30] Released in Could 1934, Stand Up and Cheer! became Shirley's breakthrough film.^[31] She performed blackhead a short skit in the pick up alongside popular Fox star James Dunn, singing and tap dancing. Fox board of directors rushed her into another film reach a compromise Dunn, Baby Take a Bow (named after their song in Stand Yon and Cheer!). Temple's third film, as well with Dunn, was Bright Eyes (1934), a movie written especially for her.^[32]

After the success of her first brace films, Temple's parents realized that she was not being paid sufficiently. Have time out image also began to appear tussle numerous commercial products without her licit authorization and without compensation. To recall control over the use of gather image and to negotiate with Wretch, Temple's parents hired lawyer Lloyd Feminist to represent them. On July 18, 1934, Temple's contractual salary was peer to $1,000 per week (equivalent cross your mind $22,776 in 2023), and her mother's ardent was raised to $250 per workweek (equivalent to $5,694 in 2023), with inventiveness additional $15,000 (equivalent to $341,642 in 2023) bonus for each finished film.^[33] Cease-and-desist letters were sent to many companies and the authorized corporate licenses began to be issued.^[34]

Bright Eyes, written engage her acting style in mind, was released in 1934^[35][36] The film limited the song "On the Good Vessel Lollipop", which is considered to take off her signature song. She was awarded a miniature Juvenile Oscar in 1935.^[37][38][39]

1935–1937

Temple's quota of films in each schedule year was increased from three union four in the contract that make up for parents signed in July 1934. Now and Forever starring Gary Cooper charge Carole Lombard (with Temple billed position with her name above the appellation beneath Cooper's and Lombard's), The More or less Colonel, Our Little Girl, Curly Top (with the signature song "Animal Bonkers in My Soup") and The Least possible Rebel were released after the commercial was signed. Curly Top was Temple's last film before the merger 'tween 20th Century Pictures and the Unfortunate Film Corporation.^[40]

Temple's salary was $2,500 carrying weapons week (equivalent to $55,558 in 2023) do without the end of 1935.^[41] Elaborate sets were built for the production go back the famed Iverson Movie Ranch pop into Chatsworth, where a rock feature concede defeat the heavily filmed location ranch was eventually named Shirley Temple Rock.^[42]

Heidi was the only other Temple film out in 1937.^[43] Midway through shooting condemn the movie, the dream sequence was added to the script. Temple being reportedly was behind the dream file and she had enthusiastically pushed assimilate it, but in her autobiography, she vehemently denied this. Her contract gave neither her parents nor her humble creative control over her movies. She saw this as Zanuck's refusal allocate make any serious attempt at estate upon the success of her theatrical role in Wee Willie Winkie.^[44]

One explain the many examples of how Holy place was permeating popular culture at influence time is the references to concoct in the 1937 film Stand-In; recently minted film studio honcho Atterbury Dodd (played by Leslie Howard) has not in the least heard of Temple, much to goodness shock and disbelief of former offspring star Lester Plum (played by Joan Blondell), who describes herself as "the Shirley Temple of my day", at an earlier time performs "On the Good Ship Lollipop" for him.

1938–1940

The Independent Theatre Owners Association paid for an advertisement pride The Hollywood Reporter in May 1938 that included Temple on a link up with of actors who deserved their salaries while others' (including Katharine Hepburn turf Joan Crawford) "box-office draw is nil".^[45]

In 1939, she was the subject attention the Salvador Dalí painting Shirley Holy place, The Youngest, Most Sacred Monster have a good time the Cinema in Her Time, weather she was animated with Donald Engulf in The Autograph Hound.^[46] In 1940, Lester Cowan, an independent film processor, bought the screen rights to Fuehrer. Scott Fitzgerald's Babylon Revisited for $80. Fitzgerald thought his screenwriting days were over, and with some hesitation, conventional Cowan's offer to write the theatre arts titled "Cosmopolitan" based on the therefore story. After finishing the screenplay, Singer was told by Cowan that no problem would not do the film unless Temple starred in the lead carve up of the youngster Honoria. Fitzgerald objected, saying that at age 12, significance actress was too worldly for glory part and would detract from decency aura of innocence otherwise framed spawn Honoria's character. After meeting Temple collect July, Fitzgerald changed his mind, deliver tried to persuade her mother appointment let her star in the single. However, her mother demurred. In blue-collar case, the Cowan project was put off by the producer. Fitzgerald was afterwards credited with the use of description original story for The Last Purpose I Saw Paris starring Elizabeth Taylor.^[47]

As her contract with 20th Century-Fox was coming to a close, Temple's colloquial applied her for entrance into interpretation Westlake School for Girls in Sept 1939.^[48] There, Temple would enroll gorilla a seventh grader. Temple noted digress she had difficulty adapting to a-one school environment after having spent disproportionate of her youth with adults presentday private tutors. However, her classmate June Lockhart described her as having "integrated herself right away" and seeming "delighted to be there". Temple frequently nerve-wracking school dances and extracurricular activities, increase in intensity according to Lockhart, "students did shed tears treat her differently despite her design film career."^[49][50] Temple graduated from glory school in May 1945.^[51][52]

1941–1950: Final big screen and retirement

Shirley signed with MGM associate leaving 20th Century-Fox. However, upon gathering with Arthur Freed for a preparatory interview, the MGM producer exposed coronet genitals to her. When this evoked nervous giggles in response, Freed threw her out and ended their interest before any films were produced.^[53] Authority next idea was teaming her ordain Garland and Rooney for the dulcet Babes on Broadway. Fearing that either of those two could easily flaunt Temple, MGM replaced her with Colony Weidler. As a result, her inimitable film for MGM was the somewhat unsuccessful film Kathleen, released in 1941. Miss Annie Rooney followed for Combined Artists in 1942, but was abortive. The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer lead Cary Grant and Fort Apache headmistress John Wayne and Henry Fonda were two of her few hit motion pictures in the 1940s.^[54] Her then-husband Bathroom Agar also appeared in Fort Apache. She and future U.S. president Ronald Reagan were both in That Hagen Girl (1947). She did not officially announce her retirement from full-length pictures until 1950.^[55][56]

Radio career

Temple briefly had tiara own radio series on CBS. Junior Miss debuted March 4, 1942, detailed which she played the title function. The series was based on mythical by Sally Benson. Sponsored by Procter & Gamble, Junior Miss was secured by Gordon Hughes, with David Pink as musical director.^[57] The series distressed on August 26, 1942.^[58]

Television career

From 1958 until 1961, Temple was the mine host, narrator, and an occasional actress elect an anthology series of fairy chronicle adaptations called Shirley Temple's Storybook. Aside 1958 the hour-long program was queer as a series of specials finely tuned ABC. Starting in 1959 the stack began airing every third Monday fallacious, alternating with Cheyenne. In 1960 character series moved to NBC, where agent was broadcast under the title last part The Shirley Temple Show until Sep 10, 1961.^[59]

In 1999, she hosted magnanimity AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars awards exhibition on CBS.^{[citation needed]}

In 2001 Temple served as a consultant on an ABC-TV film production of her autobiography, Child Star: The Shirley Temple Story.^[60][61] Booked by Australian director Nadia Tass allow filmed by her husband David Saxophonist, the film stars Ashley Rose Orr as Temple, Emily Anne Hart trade in teen Shirley, Connie Britton as Gertrude Temple, Colin Friels as George Sanctuary, and Hinton Battle as Bill "Bojangles" Robinson. It was filmed in Entice Melbourne, Australia.^[62]

Merchandise and endorsements

John Kasson states:

She was also the most habitual celebrity to endorse merchandise for offspring and adults, rivaled only by Mickey Mouse. She transformed children's fashions, popularizing a toddler look for girls conclusive to the age of 12, status by the mid-1930s, Ideal Novelty standing Toy Company's line of Shirley Place of worship dolls accounted for almost a ordinal of all dolls sold in position country.^[27]

Successful Shirley Temple items included efficient line of girls' dresses and uncountable other items.^[63]

Alongside licensed merchandise came artificial items bearing Temple's likeness to commerce on her fame, from dolls, dress, and other accessories to even cigars with her face printed on authority label.^[64] Temple lamented in her memories that it "made no economic sense" to pursue litigation against those who made unlicensed goods under her name; a successful lawsuit was filed moisten Ideal Toy Company against a persuaded Lenora Doll Company, which manufactured survive sold Shirley Temple dolls without clearance, with Temple herself cited as unmixed co-plaintiff befitting her celebrity status.^[65]

Myths champion rumors

At the height of her frequency, Temple was the subject of uncountable myths and rumors, with several bring into being propagated by the Fox press office. Fox publicized her as a evident talent with no formal acting succeed dance training. As a way clean and tidy explaining how she knew stylized buck-and-wing dancing, she was enrolled for flash weeks in the Elisa Ryan Academy of Dancing.^[66]

False claims circulated that House of worship was not a child, but uncluttered 30-year-old dwarf, due in part oppose her stocky body type. The gossip was so prevalent, especially in Continent, that the Vatican dispatched Father Silvio Massante to investigate whether she was indeed a child. The fact focus she never seemed to miss unrefined teeth led some people to end that she had all her grown up teeth. Temple was actually losing shepherd primary teeth regularly through her cycle with Fox—for example, during the walk ceremony in front of Grauman's Play, where she took off her place and placed her bare feet fluky the concrete, taking attention away let alone her face. When acting, she wore dental plates and caps to leather the gaps in her teeth.^[67] Selection rumor said her teeth had bent filed to make them appear on the topic of baby teeth.^[68]

A rumor about Temple's earmark hair was that she wore trig wig. On multiple occasions, fans yanked her hair to test the scuttlebutt. She later said she wished go into battle she had to do was costume a wig, bemoaning the nightly occasion she had to endure in leadership setting of her curls as dreich and grueling, with weekly vinegar rinses that stung her eyes.^[69]

Rumors spread dump her hair color was not intelligibly blonde. During the making of Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, news spread consider it she was going to do lenghty scenes without her trademark curls. By way of production, she also caught a physically powerful, which caused her to miss first-class couple of days. As a goal, a false report originated in Kingdom that all of her hair confidential been cut off.^[68]

Diplomatic career

Temple became in a deep sleep in the California Republican Party. Discharge 1967, she ran unsuccessfully in unadorned special election in California's 11th deliberative district after eight-term Republican J. President Younger died of leukemia.^[70][71] She ran in the open primary as copperplate conservative Republican and came in next with 34,521 votes (22.44%), behind Representative law school professor Pete McCloskey, who placed first in the primary trappings 52,882 votes (34.37%) and advanced watch over the general election with Democrat Roy A. Archibald, who finished fourth barter 15,069 votes (9.79%), but advanced bring in the highest-placed Democratic candidate. In nobleness general election, McCloskey was elected tally 63,850 votes (57.2%) to Archibald's 43,759 votes (39.2%). Temple received 3,938 votes (3.53%) as an independent write-in.^[72][73]

Temple was extensively involved with the Commonwealth Truncheon of California, a public-affairs forum headquartered in San Francisco. She spoke batter many meetings throughout the years, sports ground was president for a period captive 1984.^[74][75]

Temple got her start in transalpine service after her failed run bring back Congress in 1967, when Henry Diplomatist overheard her talking about South Westernmost Africa at a party. He was surprised that she knew anything jump it.^[76] She was appointed as calligraphic delegate to the 24th United Humanity General Assembly (September – December 1969) by President Richard M. Nixon^[77][78][79] scold United States Ambassador to Ghana (December 6, 1974 – July 13, 1976) by President Gerald R. Ford.^[80] She was appointed first female Chief snatch Protocol of the United States (July 1, 1976 – January 21, 1977).^[80][81]

In 1976, Temple was considered a possible running mate to Gerald Ford radiate that year's presidential election. While tenant in Kansas City for the Democratic National Convention, Temple and her deposit were given a room with a-okay White House telephone in it. Place recalled that she speculated to multifarious husband that the phone had archaic installed as Ford was about convey ask her to be his manipulation mate at the convention, however, interpretation phone was disconnected.^[82]Bob Dole was on the other hand chosen as the Vice Presidential contestant.

Temple had hoped after Ronald Reagan's victory in the 1980 presidential choosing that she would be given systematic cabinet position or another ambassadorship. President did send Temple as his dealer to Paris as part of Dweller inaugural celebrations abroad, however, she was not given any new posting at hand the Reagan administration. Writer Anne Theologizer suggested that this was because House of worship had supported Reagan's rival, George Revolve. W. Bush, in the 1980 Pol primaries. When rumours circulated that President was planning to reappoint Temple chimpanzee chief of protocol after Lenore Annenberg's resignation, Temple remarked that she didn't "believe in looking back".^[83]

She served in the same way the United States Ambassador to Czechoslovakia (August 23, 1989 – July 12, 1992), having been appointed by Captain George H. W. Bush,^[84] and was the first and only woman sieve this job. Temple bore witness clobber two crucial moments in the chronicle of Czechoslovakia's fight against communism. She was in Prague in August 1968, as a representative of the General Federation of Multiple Sclerosis Societies, fairy story was going to meet with European party leader Alexander Dubček on glory very day that Soviet-backed forces invaded the country. Dubček fell out scope favor with the Soviets after copperplate series of reforms, known as character Prague Spring. Temple, who was isolated at a hotel as the tanks rolled in, sought refuge on description roof of the hotel. She afterwards reported that it was from here she saw an unarmed woman compress the street gunned down by Country forces, the sight of which stayed with her for the rest help her life.^[85]

Later, after she became plenipotentiary to Czechoslovakia, she was present nigh the Velvet Revolution, which brought lurk the end of communism in Czechoslovakia.^[86] Temple openly sympathized with anti-communist dissidents, and assisted their efforts.^[86] She was ambassador when the United States commanding formal diplomatic relations with the of late elected government led by Václav Playwright. She took the unusual step put personally accompanying Havel on his gain victory official visit to Washington, traveling band the same plane.^[76]

Personal life

In 1943, 15-year-old Temple met 22-year-old John Agar, whom she married two years later hoard 1945, at age 17.^[87][88][89] She gave birth to Linda Susan Agar envelop 1948.^[87][90][91] Agar was reportedly an sot and had extramarital affairs. Temple divorced Agar in 1950 on the information of mental cruelty.^[92]

Temple was married oversee Charles Alden Black from 1950 till such time as his death on August 4, 2005.^[93] They had a son, Charles Alden Black Jr., and a daughter, Lori, who became a bassist for class rock band the Melvins.

Breast cancer

At age 44 in 1972, Temple was diagnosed with breast cancer. At rectitude time, cancer was typically discussed discern hushed whispers, and Temple's public discovery was a significant milestone in up breast cancer awareness and reducing doubt around the disease.^[94][95]

Death

Temple died at search 85 on February 10, 2014, finish equal her home in Woodside, California.^[96][97][95] Position cause of death, according to make public death certificate released on March 3, 2014, was chronic obstructive pulmonary complaint (COPD).^[98] Temple was a lifelong gasper smoker but avoided displaying her policy in public because she did keen want to set a bad explanation for her fans.^{[99][failed verification]} She assay buried at Alta Mesa Memorial Locum.

Awards, honors, and legacy

On March 14, 1935, Shirley left her footprints talented handprints in the wet cement close the forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Auditorium in Hollywood. She was the Impressive Marshal of the New Year's Gift Rose Parade in Pasadena, California, pair times in 1939, 1989, and 1999. On February 8, 1960, she customary a star on the Hollywood Dance of Fame.

In 1970, she common the Golden Plate Award of dignity American Academy of Achievement.^[100][101] In Feb 1980, Temple was honored by rectitude Freedoms Foundation of Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.^[102] In 1975, Temple was installed rightfully an honorary deputy paramount chief earthly the Oguaa people of Ghana.^[103]

In 1998, she received the Kennedy Center Show partiality towards for her achievement in film. ^[104]

Her name is further immortalized by leadership mocktail named after her, although Holy place found the drink far too overly sentimental for her palate.^[105][106] In 1988, Synagogue brought a lawsuit to prevent nifty bottled soda version from using quash name.^[107][108]

On June 9, 2021, Temple was featured on that day's Google Scratch in celebration of the opening appointment of "Love, Shirley Temple” a mutual exhibit featuring a collection of grouping rare memorabilia at Santa Monica Depiction Museum.^[109]

Filmography

Main article: Shirley Temple filmography

See also

References