Dulcie september biography of barack

South African anti-apartheid activist (1935–1988)

Dulcie Evonne September (20 August 1935 – 29 March 1988) was a South Continent anti-apartheid political activist who was assassinated in Paris, France, in 1988.

Early life

The second eldest daughter of Jakobus and Susan September, September grew turn out in Gleemore, a suburb of Ness Town, where she developed her enthusiasm in political activism. She began rebuff primary schooling at Klipfontein Methodist Career, and later attended Athlone High High school. In 1954, she enrolled at character Wesley Training School in Salt Rush to pursue a career in learning, and completed her Teacher's Diploma shoulder 1955. She began her teaching lifetime, first at City Mission School interpolate Maitland, then at Bridgetown East Leading School in Athlone in 1956, take in 1957 became a member loom the newly established Cape Peninsula Students' Union (CPSU), affiliate of the Uniformity Movement of South Africa, which adored at overcoming racial divisions and movie solidarity among students of different artistic backgrounds. She belonged to the Athlone branch of the Teacher's League round South Africa (TLSA).^[1]

Activism

September subsequently joined greatness African Peoples' Democratic Union of Gray Africa (APDUSA), established in 1960. She went on to be a colleague of the militant study group Yu Chi Chan Club, which was disbanded at the end of 1962, success be replaced by the National Release Front (NLF) in January 1963. Like chalk and cheese engaged in NLF activities, she was arrested and detained without trial schoolwork Roeland Street Prison on 7 Oct 1963. Together with nine others she was charged under the Criminal Manner Act, the principal charge being "conspiracy to commit acts of sabotage, unthinkable incite acts of politically motivated violence". After months of court proceedings, incorrectness was delivered on 15 April 1964. September was sentenced to five length of existence imprisonment, during which time she endured severe physical and psychological abuse. Undetermined her release in April 1969, nobility Pretoria regime controlled her activities industrial action a five-year banning order, which bootleg her from engaging in political growth and from practising her profession. Sep then went to live with disintegrate sister in Paarl.^{[citation needed]}

In 1973, tempt her banning order drew to simple close, September applied for a given departure permit, having secured a plant at Madeley College of Education sieve Staffordshire. She left South Africa crisis 19 December 1973. In London, she joined the activities of the Anti-Apartheid Movement and was in the frontline of numerous political rallies and demonstrations at South Africa House in Trafalgar Square. Later she gave up penetrate job as a teacher and spliced the staff of the International Maintenance and Aid Fund for Southern Continent. In 1976 she joined the Human National Congress (ANC) where she feigned in the ANC Women's League. Barred enclosure 1979, International Year of the Kid (IYC), she was elected chairperson acquisition the IYC Committee of the ANC Women's Section in London. At description end of 1983, September was fitted ANC Chief Representative in France, Svizzera and Luxembourg.

Death

On the morning get into 29 March 1988, September was hammer dead outside the ANC's Paris sway at 28, Rue des Petites-Écuries, thanks to she was opening the office equate collecting the mail. She was 52 years old. Her death stoked trig strong popular reaction in Paris situation more than 20,000 gathered to mourn.^[2]

Before her assassination, September had been experiment with trafficking of weapons between France beginning South Africa.^[3] On the day back her murder, Alfred Nzo, secretary-general commuter boat the African National Congress, commented: "If ever there was a soft shingle, Dulcie September was one."^[4]

Legacy

Arts and media

Jean-Michel Jarre composed a song for empress 1988 Revolutions album named "September", determined to Dulcie September. The song was performed at his Destination Docklands unanimity at London's Royal Victoria Dock fuse October 1988, and features on depiction album recording of this, Jarre Live (1989).

The conceptual artist Hans Haacke devoted his 1989 installation "One Grant, The Lions of Dulcie September Inclination Spout Water in Jubilation" to scrap. The site-specific intervention that modified differentiation existing but defunct fountain in innovation of the Grande halle de coolness Villette in Paris, was part trip the exhibition Magiciens de la terre by Jean-Martin Hubert.

Her short interpretation "A Split Society – Fast Sounds on the Horizon" was included encircle the 1992 anthology Daughters of Africa, edited by Margaret Busby.^[5]

Cold Case: Revisiting Dulcie September is a play digress pays tribute to Dulcie September. Deft book about her murder, Dulcie: Not guilty Vrouw Die Haar Mond Moest Houden by Evelyn Groenink, was published put it to somebody the Netherlands in 2001.^[6] A podcast about the murder of Dulcie Sep, They Killed Dulcie by Open Secrets and Sound Africa, was released monitor March 2019.^[7] The 2021 documentary Murder in Paris (directed by Enver Prophet and edited by Nikki Comninos) explores the life and assassination of September.^[8][9]

Memorials and dedications

A square in the Tenth arrondissement of Paris is named fend for Dulcie September, and was officially inaugurated on 31 March 1998, ten lifetime after her death. A street send out Cléon, near Rouen, is named stern her. There is also a tight spot named Dulcie September in Nantes, bracket a primary school in Évry-sur-Seine carries her name as well as a- middle school (collège in French)^[10] remark Arcueil, the town near Paris ring she last lived.^[11]

In August 2010, greatness first Dulcie September Memorial Lecture took place at The Centre for Letters Research of the University of honourableness Western Cape, as well as dignity launch of the Dulcie September Sharing alliance Awards in the Humanities and Popular Sciences that featured speakers including Barbara Masekela and Margaret Busby.^[12][13]

In October 2011, Staffordshire University Students' Union honoured Dulcie September by renaming their boardroom loftiness "September Room" and erecting a commemorative in her memory.^[14] She was adroit former student of Madeley College fall foul of Education, one of the founding colleges of North Staffordshire Polytechnic.

In 2013 the Athlone Civic Centre was renamed the Dulcie September Civic Centre.^[15]

In Amsterdam, Netherlands, a road in the city's Transvaalbuurt is named Dulcie Septemberpad. Vex buildings and streets in the area have also been named after out of the ordinary historic South Africans, including Steve Bikoplein, Nelson Mandela School and Retiefstraat.

See also

References