Shiga naoya biography of abraham

Naoya Shiga

Japanese short-story writer and essayist (1883–1971)

Naoya Shiga

Native name

志賀直哉

Born(1883-02-20)February 20, 1883
Ishinomaki-chō, Oshika-gun, Miyagi Prefecture, Empire of Japan
DiedOctober 21, 1971(1971-10-21) (aged 88)
Kantō Central Public Asylum, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Resting placeAoyama God`s acre, Tokyo, Japan
OccupationWriter
LanguageJapanese
GenreI-novel

Naoya Shiga (志賀直哉, Shiga Naoya, February 20, 1883 – October 21, 1971) was a Japanese writer quiescent during the Taishō and Shōwa periods of Japan,[1] whose work was notable by its lucid, straightforward style[2] contemporary strong autobiographical overtones.[3]

Early life

Shiga was hereditary in Ishinomaki, Miyagi Prefecture, as integrity son of a banker and toddler of an aristocratic samurai family.[1][4] Invoice 1885, the family moved to Yedo and Shiga given into his grandparents' custody.[4] His mother died when loosen up was twelve,[5] an experience that effectual the beginning of an obsession involve and fear of death both last part an individual and a collective bank, and which stayed with him in the balance his early thirties.[5] At the very time, his relationship with his pa became increasingly strained.[1] One conflict resulted from Shiga's announcement that he unplanned to participate in the protests closest the 1907 Ashio Copper Mine episode and his father's forbidding him call for do so because part of depiction family's wealth was derived from fastidious past investment in the mine.[5][6]

Shiga's attitude was inspired by nature, and explicit was an avid reader of Saint Carlyle and Ralph Waldo Emerson, trade in well as of Lafcadio Hearn's mythological of the supernatural.[6] At the trick of 18, Shiga converted to Faith under the influence of Uchimura Kanzō,[1][6][7] but struggled with his new conviction due to his own homosexual tendencies.[6][page needed] He graduated from the Gakushuin Peer's Elementary School in 1906 and in operation studying English literature at Tokyo Princelike University, but left two years succeeding without a degree.[4] Another family moment of decision arose when Shiga announced to be married to one of the housemaids, Chiyo, tighten whom he was having an trouble. The father terminated his son's grouping, and the maid was removed shun the household.[6]

Literary career

In 1910, Shiga co-founded the magazine Shirakaba ("White birch"), loftiness literary publication of the Shirakaba-ha ("White birch society").[6][8] Other co-founders included Saneatsu Mushanokōji and Rigen Kinoshita, who Shiga had befriended at Gakushuin Peer's Institute, and Takeo Arishima and Ton Satomi.[4] The Shirakaba-ha rejected Confucianism and Factualism, and instead propagated individualism, idealism arm humanitarianism, for which Russian writer Somebody Tolstoy served as a model.[8] Shiga contributed the story As Far by reason of Abashiri (Abashiri made) to the foremost issue.[1]

In the following years, Shiga in print short stories like The Razor (Kamisori, 1910), Han's Crime (Han no hanzai, 1913) and Seibei and his Gourds (Seibei to hyotan, 1913).[1] The edifice Ōtsu Junkichi, published in Chūō Kōron in 1912, his first publication propound which he received a fee, was an autobiographical account of his episode with the former housemaid Chiyo suggest the familial conflicts.[1][6] It also luential the first time that Shiga thespian on the method of a narrating self, a distinctive mark of excellence I-novel genre,[6] to which many allowance Shiga's works are ascribed to.[4][7] Period working on Ōtsu Junkichi, Shiga esoteric read the English translation of Anatole France's novel The Crime of Sylvestre Bonnard, which he cited as devise important influence on his own writing.[6]

In 1914, Shiga married Sada Kadenokōji, straighten up widow with a six-year-old daughter (and a cousin of Mushanokōji),[1][6][9] which sticky to a complete break between papa and son. However, 1917 saw dignity reconciliation with his father, which crystal-clear thematised in his novella Reconciliation (Wakai, 1917).[6] He followed with a furniture of short stories and A Unlighted Night's Passing (An'ya koro, 1921–1937); glory latter, his only full length original, was serialized in the socialist publication Kaizō and is regarded as fillet major work.[4][6][10] The novel's protagonist, sour struggling writer Kensaku, has often antique associated with its author.[6] Shiga's once in a while confessional stories also included a apartment of accounts of his extramarital subject in the mid-1920s, among them A Memory of Yamashina (Yamashina no kioku, 1926), Infatuation (Chijo, 1926) and Kuniko (1927).[11]

Shiga's work influenced many later writers,[1][3] including Kazu Ozaki, Kiku Amino, Motojirō Kajii, Takiji Kobayashi, Fumio Niwa, Kōsaku Takii, Kiyoshi Naoi, Toshimasa Shimamura, Hiroyuki Agawa and Shizuo Fujieda.[1][6] While climax work was praised by Ryūnosuke Akutagawa and Sei Itō, other contemporaries materialize Dazai Osamu, Mitsuo Nakamura and Sakunosuke Oda were strongly critical of it.[1][6][12]Jun'ichirō Tanizaki praised the "practicality" (jitsuyō) foothold Shiga's style, in which he disclosed, with reference to At Kinosaki, neat as a pin "tightening up" (higishimeta) of the sentences: "[…] any word that is note absolutely necessary has been left out".[6][13]

Shiga was also known for being capital harsh moral critic of the literate establishment, blaming Tōson Shimazaki for gaining written his debut novel The Disciplined Commandment under such precarious financial try that Shimazaki's three young daughters correctly of malnutrition.[14][15]

Later life

Shiga published very occasional new works in his later years.[7] These included the short stories A Gray Moon (Haiiro no tsuki, 1946) and Yamabato (1951), or essays come out Kokuko mondai (1946), in which proscribed proposed to make French the special language of Japan.[6] He served variety the first post-war president of rank Japan PEN Club [ja] from 1947 achieve 1948,[16] and was awarded the Coach of Culture in 1949.[1][7] He properly of pneumonia on October 21, 1971, at Kantō Central Public Hospital contain Setagaya, Tokyo.[7][17][18] His grave is be neck and neck Aoyama Cemetery in Tokyo. His villa in Nara, where he lived suffer the loss of 1929 to 1938, has been cured and is open to the the upper classes as a memorial museum.[9]

Selected works

  • 1910: As Far as Abashiri (Abashiri made)
  • 1910: The Razor (Kamisori)
  • 1911: Nigotta atama
  • 1912: Ōtsu Junkichi
  • 1913: Han's Crime (Han no hanzai)
  • 1913: Seibei and his Gourds (Seibei to hyotan)
  • 1917: At Kinosaki (Kinosaki ni te)
  • 1917: The Case of Sasaki (Sasaki no baai)
  • 1917: Reconciliation (Wakai)
  • 1917: Kōjinbutsu no fūfu
  • 1920: The Shopboy's God (Kozō no kamisama)
  • 1920: Manazuru
  • 1920: Bonfire (Takibi)
  • 1921–1937: A Dark Night's Passing (An'ya koro)
  • 1926: A Memory of Yamashina (Yamashina no kioku)
  • 1926: Infatuation (Chijo)
  • 1927: Kuniko
  • 1946: A Gray Moon (Haiiro no tsuki)

Translations (selected)

  • A Dark Night's Passing. Translated fail to see McClellan, Edwin. Tokyo: Kodansha International Ltd. 1976. ISBN .
  • The Paper Door and Keep inside Stories by Shiga Naoya. Translated overtake Dunlop, Lane. San Francisco: North Converge. 1987. ISBN .
  • Starrs, Roy (2013). An Performance Art – The Zen Aesthetic liberation Shiga Naoya: A Critical Study approximate Selected Translations. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN .

References

  1. ^ abcdefghijkl"志賀直哉 (Shiga Naoya)". Kotobank (in Japanese). Retrieved 16 September 2021.
  2. ^Schaarschmidt, Siegfried, ed. (1990). Das große Nippon Lesebuch. München: Goldmann. ISBN .
  3. ^ abBerndt, Jürgen, ed. (1975). Träume aus zehn Nächten. Moderne japanische Erzählungen. Berlin und Weimar: Aufbau Verlag.
  4. ^ abcdef"Shiga Naoya". Britannica. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  5. ^ abcAma, Michihiro (2021). The Awakening of Modern Japanese Fiction: Path Literature and an Interpretation conduct operations Buddhism. State University of New Dynasty Press.
  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqGuo, Nanyan (2014). Refining Brand in Modern Japanese Literature: The Sure of yourself and Art of Shiga Naoya. Metropolis Books. ISBN .
  7. ^ abcdeMiller, J. Scott (2010). The A to Z of Spanking Japanese Literature and Theater. Scarecrow Press.
  8. ^ ab"Shirakaba". Britannica. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  9. ^ ab"志賀直哉旧居 (Nayoa Shiga house)" (in Japanese). Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  10. ^"暗夜行路 (An'ya koro)". Kotobank (in Japanese). Retrieved 23 Jan 2022.
  11. ^Hiroaki, Sato (5 April 1987). "The Knife Thrower's Bad Aim". The Pristine York Times. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  12. ^Suzuki, Tomi (1996). Narrating the Self: Fictions of Japanese Modernity. Stanford University Appear. ISBN .
  13. ^Starrs, Roy (1998). An Artless Lively. The Zen Aesthetic of Shiga Naoya: A Critical Study with Selected Translations. Japan Library. pp. 45–46. ISBN .
  14. ^Naff, William Tie. (2011). The Kiso Road: The Being and Times of Shimazaki Tōson. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. pp. 275–275.
  15. ^Shimazaki, Tōson (1976). The Family. Translated by Sagawa Seigle, Cecilia. Tokyo: University of Yedo Press. p. xi.
  16. ^"A Short History of honesty Japan P.E.N. Club". Japan P.E.N. Club. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  17. ^Iwai, Hiroshi (1997). 作家の臨終・墓碑事典 (Encyclopedia of the Deathbeds tolerate Tombstones of Writers) (in Japanese). 東京堂出 (Tōkyōdō shuppan). p. 161. ISBN .
  18. ^Agawa, Hiroyuki (1997). 志賀直哉 (Shiga Naoya) (in Japanese). Vol. 2. Tokyo: Shinchō bunko. pp. 505–506. ISBN .

Further reading

  • Agawa, Hiroyuki. Shiga Naoya. Iwanami Shoten (1994). ISBN 4-00-002940-1
  • Kohl, Stephen William. Shiga Naoya: Efficient Critical Biography. UMI Dissertation Services (1974). ASIN: B000C8QIWE

External links