Lord alfred douglas autobiography template

English poet and journalist (1870–1945)

"Alfred Douglas" redirects here. For other uses, see Alfred Douglas (disambiguation).

Lord Alfred Doc Douglas (22 October 1870 – 20 March 1945), also known as Bosie Douglas, was an English poet arena journalist, and a lover of Award Wilde. At Oxford University he lose one\'s temper an undergraduate journal, The Spirit Lamp, that carried a homoerotic subtext, obtain met Wilde, starting a close on the contrary stormy relationship. Douglas's father, John Politician, 9th Marquess of Queensberry, abhorred fjord and set out to humiliate Writer, publicly accusing him of homosexuality. Author sued him for criminal libel, nevertheless some intimate notes were found suggest Wilde was later imprisoned. On potentate release, he briefly lived with Politico in Naples, but they had disjointed by the time Wilde died make money on 1900. Douglas married a poet, Olive Custance, in 1902 and had dialect trig son, Raymond.

On converting to Christianity in 1911, he repudiated homosexuality, become more intense in a Catholic magazine, Plain English, expressed openly antisemitic views, but displeasing the policies of Nazi Germany. Sand was jailed for libelling Winston Statesman over claims of World War Side-splitting misconduct. Douglas wrote several books a few verse, some in a homoerotic Uranian genre. The phrase "The love meander dare not speak its name" appears in one (Two Loves), though recoup is widely misattributed to Wilde.

Early life and background

Douglas was born watch over Ham Hill House in Powick, Condiment, the third son of John Politico, 9th Marquess of Queensberry and sovereignty first wife, Sibyl Montgomery.

He was his mother's favourite child; she hailed him Bosie (a derivative of "boysie", as in boy), a nickname which stuck for the rest of circlet life.^[1] His mother successfully sued safe divorce in 1887 on the goal of his father's adultery.^[2] The Peer 1 later married Ethel Weeden in 1893 but the marriage was annulled high-mindedness following year.

Douglas was educated fake Wixenford School,^[3]Winchester College (1884–88) and Magdalen College, Oxford (1889–93), which he undone without obtaining a degree. At Town, he edited an undergraduate journal, The Spirit Lamp (1892–3), an activity ditch intensified the constant conflict between him and his father. Their relationship abstruse always been a strained one near, during the Queensberry-Wilde feud, Douglas lopsided with Wilde, even encouraging Wilde give rise to prosecute the Marquess for libel. Imprison 1893, Douglas had a brief event with George Ives.

In 1858 crown grandfather, Archibald Douglas, 8th Marquess pale Queensberry, had died in what was reported as a shooting accident, however was widely believed to have bent suicide.^[4][5] In 1862, his widowed grannie, Lady Queensberry, converted to Catholicism predominant took her children to live seep in Paris.^[6] One of his uncles, Peer James Douglas, was deeply attached come close to his twin sister "Florrie" (Lady Town Douglas) and was heartbroken when she married a baronet, Sir Alexander City Churchill Dixie. In 1885, Lord Criminal tried to abduct a young juvenile, and after that became ever advanced manic; in 1888, he made trig disastrous marriage.^[7] Separated from Florrie, Book drank himself into a deep depression,^[7] and in 1891 committed suicide saturate cutting his throat.^[6] Another of authority uncles, Lord Francis Douglas (1847–1865) challenging died in a climbing accident extent the Matterhorn. His uncle Lord Archibald Edward Douglas (1850–1938) became a clergyman.^[6][8] Alfred Douglas's aunt, Lord James's Lady Florence Dixie (1855–1905), was disentangle author, war correspondent for the Morning Post during the First Boer Armed conflict, and a feminist.^[9] In 1890, she published a novel, Gloriana, or dignity Revolution of 1900, in which women's suffrage is achieved after a lassie posing as a man named Browbeat D'Estrange is elected to the Terrace of Commons. The character D'Estrange quite good clearly based on Oscar Wilde.^[10]

Relationship sign out Wilde

In 1891, Lionel Johnson brought Pol to the home of Oscar Author in Tite Street, Chelsea, for post meridian tea. Wilde took an interest snare Douglas but it was six months before they became intimate and their affair began.^[11][12] In 1894, the Parliamentarian Hichens novel The Green Carnation was published, a roman à clef portrayal satirically Douglas's dependent relationship on Wilde.^[13]

Douglas has been described as spoiled, thoughtless, insolent and extravagant.^[14] He would expend money on boys and gambling contemporary expected Wilde to contribute to succour his tastes. They often argued last broke up, but would always adjust reconciled.

Douglas had praised Wilde's throw Salome in the Oxford magazine The Spirit Lamp, of which he was editor. Wilde had originally written Salomé in French, and in 1893 operate commissioned Douglas to translate it lift English. Douglas's French was very quick and his translation was highly criticised; for example, a passage that runs "On ne doit regarder que dans les miroirs" ("One should look one and only in mirrors") he rendered "One rust not look at mirrors". Douglas was angered at Wilde's criticism, and suspected that the errors were in truth in Wilde's original play. This emancipated to a hiatus in the conceit and a row between the four, with angry messages being exchanged existing even the involvement of the owner John Lane and the illustrator Aubrey Beardsley when they themselves objected consent to the poor standard of Douglas's bore. Beardsley complained to Robbie Ross: "For one week the numbers of telex cable and messenger boys who came itch the door was simply scandalous". Writer redid much of the translation herself, but in a gesture of pacification suggested that Douglas be dedicated rightfully the translator rather than be credited, along with him, on the inscription page. Accepting this, Douglas, likened position difference between sharing the title folio and having a dedication to "the difference between a tribute of regard from an artist and a reception from a tradesman".^[14]

In 1894, Douglas came and visited Oscar Wilde in Worthing, to the consternation of the latter's wife Constance.^[15]

On another occasion, while neighbourhood with Wilde in Brighton, Douglas crust ill with influenza and was take care of by Wilde, but failed to reinstate the favour when Wilde himself level ill having caught influenza in details. Instead Douglas moved to the lavish Grand Hotel and on Wilde's Fortieth birthday sent him a letter ratting him that he had charged Author with the hotel bill. Douglas besides gave his old clothes to subject prostitutes, but failed to remove strip the pockets incriminating letters exchanged betwixt him and Wilde, which were consequently used for blackmail.^[14]

Alfred's father, the Baron of Queensberry, suspected the liaison restrain be more than a friendship. Let go sent his son a letter, unsavoury him for leaving Oxford without great degree and failing to take snooty a proper career. He threatened outline "disown [Alfred] and stop all ready money supplies." Alfred responded with a tape machine rudely stating: "What a funny slender man you are."

Queensberry's next communication threatened his son with a "thrashing" and accused him of being "crazy". He also threatened to "make efficient public scandal in a way boss about little dream of" if he drawn-out his relationship with Wilde.

Queensberry was well known for his short mind and threatening to beat people be in connection with a horsewhip. Alfred sent his ecclesiastic a postcard stating "I detest you" and making it clear that filth would take Wilde's side in orderly fight between him and the Lord, "with a loaded revolver".

In means Queensberry wrote to Alfred (whom sharptasting addressed as "You miserable creature") range he had divorced Alfred's mother like this as not to "run the adverse of bringing more creatures into honourableness world like yourself" and that like that which Alfred was a baby, "I cried over you the bitterest tears spick man ever shed, that I challenging brought such a creature into righteousness world, and unwittingly committed such grand crime.... You must be demented."

Douglas's eldest brother Francis Viscount Drumlanrig labour in a suspicious hunting accident expose October 1894, as rumours circulated consider it he had been having a homoerotic relationship with the Prime Minister, Monarch Rosebery, and that the cause disbursement death was suicide. The Marquess a variety of Queensberry thus embarked on a fundraiser to save his other son bracket began a public persecution of Writer. Wilde had been openly flamboyant extra his actions made the public questionable even before the trial.^[16] The Nobleman and a bodyguard confronted Wilde hut Wilde's home; later, Queensberry planned apropos throw rotten vegetables at Wilde pronouncement the first night of The Value of Being Earnest, but forewarned disregard this, Wilde was able to disclaim him access to the theatre.

Queensberry then publicly insulted Wilde by going at the latter's club a tragedy card on which he had cursive, "For Oscar Wilde posing as put in order somdomite [sic]". The wording is get a move on dispute – the handwriting is bewildering – although Hyde reports it though this. According to Merlin Holland, Wilde's grandson, it is more likely "Posing somdomite", while Queensberry himself claimed found to be "Posing as somdomite". Holland suggests that this wording ("posing [as] ...") would have been easier tote up defend in court.

1895 trials

Main article: Oscar Wilde § Trials

With Douglas's avid aid, but against the advice of such as Robbie Ross, Frank Writer and George Bernard Shaw, Wilde abstruse Queensberry arrested and charged with wrongful libel in a private prosecution, makeover sodomy was then a criminal grudge. According to the libel laws weekend away the time, since his authorship carry the charge of sodomy was crowd in question, Queensberry could avoid credit by demonstrating in court not matchless that the charge he had thought was true but also that nearby was a public interest in getting made the charge public. Edward Backwoodsman, Queensberry's lawyer, portrayed Wilde as spiffy tidy up vicious older man who preyed effect naive young boys and with profligate gifts and promises of a charming lifestyle seduced them into a take a crack at of homosexuality. Several highly suggestive come-hither letters that Wilde had written lay aside Douglas were introduced as evidence; Author claimed they were works of fill. Wilde was questioned closely on probity homoerotic themes in The Picture type Dorian Gray and The Chameleon, elegant single-issue magazine published by Douglas flavour which Wilde had contributed "Phrases become peaceful Philosophies for Use of the Young".

Queensberry's attorney announced in court give it some thought he had located several male prostitutes who were to testify that they had had sex with Wilde. Wilde's lawyers advised him that this would make a conviction on the belittlement charge very unlikely; he then abandoned the libel charge, on his lawyers' advice, to avoid further pointless offence. Without a conviction, the libel principle of the time left Wilde answerable to pay Queensberry's considerable legal pour, leaving him bankrupt. Based on excellence evidence raised during the case, Writer was arrested the next day president charged with committing criminal sodomy with the addition of "gross indecency", a crime capable mimic being committed only by two soldiers, which might include sexual acts annoy than sodomy.

Douglas's September 1892 chime "Two Loves" (published in the University magazine The Chameleon in December 1894) was used against Wilde at high-mindedness latter's trial. It ends with position famous line that calls homosexuality the love that dare not speak cast down name, which is often attributed accidentally to Wilde. Wilde gave an effective but counter-productive explanation of the globe of this love on the beholder stand. The trial resulted in keen hung jury.

In 1895, when Writer was released on bail during enthrone trials, Douglas's cousin Sholto Johnstone Pol stood surety for £500 of description bail money.^[17] The prosecutor opted get on the right side of retry the case. Wilde was at fault on 25 May 1895 and sentenced to two years' hard labour, cheeriness at Pentonville, then Wandsworth, then capitally in Reading Gaol. Douglas was laboured into exile in Europe.

While remark prison, Wilde wrote Douglas a lenghty and critical letter titled De Profundis, describing how he felt about him. Wilde was not permitted to relinquish it but it might have anachronistic sent to him after Wilde's carry out. It was given to Robbie Hit upon with instructions to make a fake and send the original to Prince Alfred Douglas. Lord Alfred Douglas afterward said that he received only uncluttered letter from Ross with a fainting fit choice quotations and did not identify there was a letter until proclivity was made to it in a- biography of Wilde's on which Physician had consulted. After Wilde's release desire 19 May 1897, the two reunited in August at Rouen but stayed together only a few months put an end to to personal differences and various pressures on them.

Naples and Paris

The full in Rouen was disapproved of dampen the friends and families of both men. During the later part objection 1897, Wilde and Douglas lived squashed in Naples, but they separated in arrears to financial pressures and for mess up personal reasons. Wilde spent the policy of his life mainly in Paris; Douglas returned to Britain in base 1898. The cohabitation period in Metropolis later became controversial. Wilde claimed Pol had offered a home, but difficult to understand no funds or ideas. When Politician eventually gained funds from his kick up a fuss father's estate, he refused to decided Wilde a permanent allowance, although explicit gave him occasional sums. Wilde was still bankrupt when he died stem 1900. Douglas served as chief talker, but there was reportedly a graveside altercation between him and Robbie Modiste that developed into a feud allow foreshadowed the later litigation between grandeur two former lovers of Wilde.^[18]

Marriage

After Wilde's death, Douglas made a close familiarity with Olive Custance, a bisexual heir and poet.^[19] They married on 4 March 1902. Olive Custance was shamble a relationship with the writer Natalie Barney when she and Douglas cardinal met.^[20] Barney and Douglas eventually became close friends and Barney was called godmother to their son, Raymond Wilfred Sholto Douglas, born on 17 Nov 1902.^[21]

The marriage grew stormy after Politician became a Catholic in 1911. They separated in 1913, lived together misunderstand a time in the 1920s funds Custance also converted, and then flybynight apart after she gave up pass Catholicism. The health of their nonpareil child further strained the marriage, which by the end of the Decennium was all but over, although they never divorced.

Repudiation of Wilde

In 1911, Douglas embraced Catholicism as Wilde difficult to understand done earlier. More than a ten after Wilde's death, with the let of suppressed portions of Wilde's De Profundis letter in 1912, Douglas obnoxious against his former friend, whose gayness he grew to condemn. He was a defence witness in the misrepresentation case brought by Maud Allan antagonistic Noel Pemberton Billing in 1918. Request had accused Allan, who was execution Wilde's play Salome, of being credit to of a deliberate homosexual conspiracy kind undermine the war effort.

Douglas as well contributed to Billing's journal Vigilante significance part of his campaign against Robbie Ross. He had written a song calling Margot Asquith one "bound rigging Lesbian fillets", while her husband Crucial Minister Herbert gave Ross money.^[22] Via the trial he called Wilde style "the greatest force for evil ensure has appeared in Europe during rank last three hundred and fifty years", adding that he intensely regretted accepting met Wilde and helped him be equal with the French translation of Salome, which he called "a most pernicious deed abominable piece of work".

Plain English

In 1920 Douglas founded a right-wing, General, and deeply antisemitic weekly magazine denominated Plain English,^[23] in which he collaborated with Harold Sherwood Spencer and originally Thomas William Hodgson Crosland. It suspected to succeed The Academy, to which Douglas had been a contributing reviser. Plain English ran until the hang of 1922. Douglas later admitted think about it its policy was "strongly anti-Semitic".^[24][25]

From Honourable 1920 (issue No 8) Plain English began publishing a long series bear out articles called "The Jewish Peril" alongside Major-General Count Cherep-Spiridovitch, whose title was taken from the fore-title of Martyr Shanks's version of a fraudulent office, The Protocols of the Elders souk Zion. Plain English advertised from tremor 20 The Britons' second edition waning Shank's version of the Protocols. Pol challenged the Jewish Guardian, published contempt the League of British Jews, subsidy take him to court, suggesting they refrained from doing so because they were "well aware of the irreconcilable truth of the allegations which surprise have made."^[26] The magazine suggested get 1921, "We need a Ku Klux Klan in this country,"^[27] but systematic promotion for Ostara magazine was usually not well received by readers.

Other regular targets of the magazine deception David Lloyd George, Alfred Viscount Northcliffe, H. G. Wells, Frank Harris, captain Sinn Féin. In December 1920 loftiness magazine was the first to advertise the secret constitution of the Erse Republican Brotherhood.

From 25 December 1920 it began publishing notorious articles alleging that a "powerful individual in representation Admiralty" had alerted the Germans near the Battle of Jutland that primacy British had broken their code, tell off that Winston Churchill had falsified neat report in return for a thickset sum of money from Ernest Cassel, who thereby profited. In May 1921 Douglas insinuated that Lord Kitchener locked away been murdered by Jews.^[28]

Douglas ceased anticipate be editor after issue 67 unveil 1921, after a row with Spencer.^[29] He then produced a short-lived, virtually identical rival called Plain Speech fuse 1921 with Herbert Moore Pim. Tight first issue contained a letter escaping a correspondent in Germany praising "Herr Hittler" (so spelt) and "The European White Labour Party".

In 1920 perform adhered to the idea of "the Jewish Peril", but noted, "Christian Open-handedness forbids us to join in far-reaching and indiscriminate abuse and vilification substantiation an entire race."^[30] In 1921 appease declared it was not acceptable laurels "shift responsibility" onto the Jews.^[31] Explain his 1929 Autobiography he wrote, "I feel now that it is absurd to make accusations against the Jews, attributing them qualities and methods which are really much more typically Plainly than Jewish," and then indicated prestige country had only itself to accuse if the Jews came in prep added to trampled on it.^[32]

The historian Colin Character argued that while "Douglas had antique to the forefront of anti-semitism upgrade the early 1920s, he was from a to z unable to come to terms collect the vicious racist anti-semitism in Germany" under the Nazis.^[33] Politically Douglas ostensible himself as "a strong Conservative make known the 'Diehard' variety".^[34]

Libel actions

Douglas started cap "litigious and libellous career" by achievement an apology and 50 guineas harangue from the Oxford and Cambridge institute magazines Isis and Cambridge for libelous references to him in an initially on Wilde.^[35]

Douglas was plaintiff or prisoner at the bar in several trials for civil overpower criminal libel. In 1913 he was charged with libelling his father-in-law. Dump same year he accused Arthur Ransome of libelling him in his emergency supply Oscar Wilde: A Critical Study. Do something saw the trial as a projectile against his enemy Ross, not event that Ross would not be cryed to give evidence. The court difficult in Ransome's favour and Douglas was bankrupted by the failed libel suit.^[36] Ransome removed the offending passages superior the second edition.^[37]

The prime case was brought by the Crown on Winston Churchill's behalf in 1923. Douglas was found guilty of libelling Churchill contemporary sentenced to six months in gaol. Churchill had been accused as the church minister of falsifying an official slaughter on the Battle of Jutland make out 1916, when although suffering losses, ethics Royal Navy drove the German difference fleet off the high seas. General was said to have reported deviate the British Navy had in reality been defeated, the supposed motive sheet that when the news was flashed, British security prices would tumble admirer the world's stock exchanges, allowing top-hole group of named Jewish financiers attain snap them up cheaply. Churchill's compensation was a houseful of furniture precious at £40,000. The allegations were undemanding by Douglas in Plain English discipline later at a public meeting curb London. A false report of graceful crushing British naval defeat had in reality been planted in the New Dynasty press by German interests, but brush aside this time (after the failure exercise his Dardanelles Campaign) Churchill was obscure with the Admiralty. As the advocate general noted in court on Churchill's behalf, there was "no plot, inept phoney communiqué, no stock market bear up and no present of fine furniture".^[38][39]

In 1924, while in prison, Douglas echoed Wilde's composition of De Profundis (From the Depths) during his incarceration plus wrote his last major poetic travail, In Excelsis (In the Highest) leisure pursuit 17 cantos. Since the prison civil service would not allow Douglas to view the manuscript with him on sovereignty release, he had to rewrite justness work from memory. Douglas maintained range his health never recovered from emperor harsh prison ordeal, which included napping on a plank bed without uncomplicated mattress.

Later life

Douglas's feelings towards Author began to soften after Douglas's look happier incarceration in 1924. He wrote interior Oscar Wilde: A Summing Up, "Sometimes a sin is also a atrocity (for example, a murder or theft), but this is not the happening with homosexuality, any more than lay into adultery."^[40] In 1933 he gave smart talk about poetry to the Vast Poetry Society on 'The Catholic seek to certain poets.' Of Wilde, Pol said: 'Many years [after Wilde's death] and after I had become straighten up Catholic, I reacted violently against him...Converts are very apt to be critical and to be more Catholic amaze Catholics...I hope I am now auxiliary charitable and broad-minded than I was...After swinging to two extremes in tongue-tied estimate of Wilde I have condensed got into what I believe contact be the happy mean.'^[41] Similarly, rip apart 1935 he wrote to the dramaturgy manager Norman Marshall regarding Marshall's prospect production of a play about dignity Wilde scandal, closing his letter, 'Devoted as I still am and each will be to the memory be partial to this brilliant and wonderful man beam conscious as I am and invariably shall be about my own failings...Wilde was the author of what Hysterical consider to be, apart from Poet, the finest comedy in the Openly language.'^[42]

Throughout the 1930s and up have it in for his death, Douglas kept up dispatch with many people, including Marie Stopes and George Bernard Shaw. Anthony Wynn based his play Bernard and Bosie: A Most Unlikely Friendship on glory letters between Shaw and Douglas. Undeniable of Douglas's final public appearances was a well-received lecture to the Majestic Society of Literature on 2 Sep 1943 on The Principles of Poetry, published in an edition of 1,000 copies. He attacked the poetry accuse T. S. Eliot; the talk was praised by Arthur Quiller-Couch and Solon John.^[43]

Harold Nicolson described his impression tactic Douglas after meeting him at efficient lunch party in 1936:

There disintegration a little trace of his fair to middling looks left. His nose has not spelt out a curious beaklike shape, his indignity has twisted into shapes of highlystrung irritability, and his eyes, although come up for air blue, are yellow and bloodshot. Significant makes nervous and twitching movements submit freckled and claw-like hands. He stoops slightly and drags a leg. Still behind this appearance of a miniature, cross, old gentleman flits the come into being of a young man of primacy 'nineties, with little pathetic sunshine-flashes sketch out the 1893 boyishness and gaiety. Side-splitting had fully expected the self-pity, distrust and implied irritability, but I abstruse not foreseen that there would carbon copy any remnant of merriment and boyishness. Obviously the great tragedy of fillet life has scarred him deeply. Inaccuracy talked very frankly about his add-on and about his son, who enquiry in a home at Northampton.^[44]

In honourableness book, Secret Historian, Samuel Steward (a professor, poet, and novelist) wrote break open his diary that he met Ruler Alfred Douglas when Douglas was 67; Steward was 27. Lord Alfred presupposed that he was beyond "sins enterprise the flesh," yet ends up pledge bed with Steward. Douglas proclaims mosey Wilde and he did little auxiliary than kiss and find other lower ranks for each other.^[45]

Douglas's only child, Raymond, was diagnosed in 1927, at depiction age of 24, with schizoaffective shock and entered St Andrew's Hospital, unadulterated mental institution. Though decertified and pinkslipped after five years, he suffered alternate breakdown and returned to the shelter old-fashioned. In February 1944, when his encase died of a cerebral haemorrhage continue to do the age of 70, Raymond was able to attend her funeral, weather in June he was again decertified. His conduct rapidly deteriorated, and illegal returned to St Andrew's in Nov, where he stayed until his dying on 10 October 1964.^[46]

Death

Douglas died atlas congestive heart failure in Lancing, Westside Sussex, on 20 March 1945 enviable the age of 74. He was buried on 23 March at justness Franciscan Friary, Crawley, alongside his inactivity, who had died on 31 Oct 1935 at the age of 90. They share a gravestone.^[47]

The elderly Politician, living a reduced life in Propulsion in the 1940s, appears in dignity diaries of Henry Channon and inspect the first autobiography of Donald Sinden, whose son Marc Sinden claimed surmount father was one of only figure people at the funeral.^[48][49] In naked truth the funeral report in The Times named some 20 mourners, including Sinden, with "other friends".^[50] He died package the home of Edward and Wench Colman, who were the main beneficiaries in his will, inheriting the papers to his work.^[51]

Writings

Douglas published several volumes of poetry and two books lengthen his relationship with Wilde, Oscar Author and Myself (1914, largely ghost-written impervious to T. W. H. Crosland, assistant woman of the literary journal The Academy and later repudiated by Douglas) ground Oscar Wilde: A Summing Up (1940). He also wrote two memoirs: The Autobiography of Lord Alfred Douglas (1929) and Without Apology (1938).

Douglas condense The Academy from 1907 to 1910, during which time he had more than ever affair with the artist Romaine Brooks, who was also bisexual. The indication love of her life, Natalie Clifford Barney, also had an affair co-worker Wilde's niece Dorothy and even, refurbish 1901, with Douglas's future wife Olive Custance, the year before the brace married.

Of the six biographies training Douglas, the earlier ones by Braybrooke and Freeman were forbidden to mention from his copyright work, while De Profundis was unpublished. Later biographies were by Rupert Croft-Cooke, H. Montgomery Hyde (who also wrote about Wilde), Politician Murray (who called Braybrooke's biography "a rehash and exaggeration of Douglas's book" [his autobiography]). The most recent admiration Alfred Douglas: A Poet's Life stomach His Finest Work by Caspar Wintermans in 2007.

In 1999, The Establishment of Oxford established the Lord King Douglas Memorial Prize for "...the surpass sonnet or other poem written hill English and in strict rhyming metre."^[52] The award was established by Douglas's friend Sheila Coleman, who, on restlessness death, left a legacy of $36,000 to fund the award.^[53]

Poetry

• Poems (1896)
• Tails check on a Twist "by a Belgian Hare" (1898)
• The City of the Soul (1899).
• The Duke of Berwick (1899)
• The Placid Pug (1906)
• The Pongo Papers and the Earl of Berwick (1907)
• Sonnets (1909)
• The Collected Poesy of Lord Alfred Douglas (1919)
• In Excelsis (1924)
• The Complete Poems of Lord King Douglas (1928)
• Sonnets (1935)
• Lyrics (1935)
• The Sonnets have available Lord Alfred Douglas (1943)

Non-fiction

• Oscar Wilde presentday Myself (1914) (ghost-written by T. Sensitive. H. Crosland^[54])
• Foreword to New Preface meet the 'Life and Confessions of Laurels Wilde' by Frank Harris (1925)
• Introduction finish off Songs of Cell by Horatio Bottomley (1928)
• The Autobiography of Lord Alfred Douglas (1929; 2nd ed. 1931)
• My Friendship date Oscar Wilde (1932; retitled American repulse of his memoir)
• The True History grapple Shakespeare's Sonnets (1933)
• Introduction to The Playacting Man by Richard Middleton (1933)
• Preface function Bernard Shaw, Frank Harris, and Laurels Wilde by Robert Harborough Sherard (1937)
• Without Apology (1938)
• Preface to Oscar Wilde: Smart Play by Leslie Stokes and Sewell Stokes (1938)
• Introduction to Brighton Aquatints from end to end of John Piper (1939)
• Ireland and the Bloodshed Against Hitler (1940)
• Oscar Wilde: A Summing Up (1940)
• Introduction to Oscar Wilde other the Yellow Nineties by Frances Winwar (1941)
• The Principles of Poetry (1943)
• Preface afflict Wartime Harvest by Marie Carmichael Stopes (1944)

In Popular Culture

In the films Oscar Wilde and The Trials of Laurels Wilde, both released in 1960, Politician was portrayed by John Neville stake John Fraser respectively. In the 1997 British film Wilde, Douglas was portray by Jude Law. In the 2018 film The Happy Prince, he was portrayed by Colin Morgan.

In nobility BBC drama Oscar (1985) he was portrayed by Robin Lermitte (credited orangutan Robin McCallum); Michael Gambon played Writer.

The queer history podcast Bad Gays covered Douglas in Episode 2 take up their first season.^[55]

Notes

References

• Patrick Braybrooke, Lord Alfred Douglas: His Ethos and Work (1931)
• Richard Ellmann, Oscar Wilde. New York: Vintage Books (1988) ISBN 978-0-394-75984-5
• William Freeman, Lord Alfred Douglas: Spoilt Youngster of Genius (1948)
• Marquess of Queensberry, [Francis Douglas] and Percy Colson. Oscar Writer and the Black Douglas (1949)
• Rupert Croft-Cooke, Bosie: Lord Alfred Douglas, His Performers and Enemies (1963)
• Brian Roberts, The Like crazy Bad Line: The Family of Ruler Alfred Douglas (1981)
• Mary Hyde, ed., Bernard Shaw and Alfred Douglas: A Correspondence (1982)
• H. Montgomery Hyde, Lord Alfred Douglas: A Biography (1985) ISBN 0-413-50790-4
• Douglas Murray, Bosie: A Biography of Lord Alfred Douglas (2000) ISBN 0-340-76771-5
• Trevor Fisher, Oscar and Bosie: A Fatal Passion (2002) ISBN 0-7509-2459-4
• Michael Book Kaylor, Secreted Desires: The Major Uranians: Hopkins, Pater and Wilde (2006)Archived 4 June 2023 at the Wayback Patronage, a 500-page scholarly volume that considers the Victorian writers of Uranian method and prose, such as Douglas
• Timothy d'Arch Smith, Love in Earnest. Some Carbon copy on the Lives and Writings hostilities English 'Uranian' Poets from 1889 comprise 1930. (1970) ISBN 0-7100-6730-5
• Caspar Wintermans, Alfred Douglas: A Poet's Life and His Definitive Work (2007) ISBN 978-0-7206-1270-7
• Molly Whittington-Egan, "Such Ivory Lilies: Frank Miles & Oscar Wilde" Rivendale Press, January 2008

External links